Parasympathetic/Vagal innervation: - Answer • Releases ach
• Decreases FHR and transmits variability
Early decel: - Answer • Fetal head compression
• ->vasovagal response
Variable decel: - Answer • Cord compression
• ->increase BP/HTN
• ->activation of baroreceptor
• ->decrease FHR, BP, and CO
Late decel: - Answer • Inadequate uteroplacental blood flow->decreased maternal fetal
O2 transfer
• ->activation of chemoreceptors to respond due to increased PCO2, decreased PO2,
and decreased pH
, NCC EFM
• ->Fetal bradycardia and hypertension
Category I: - Answer • Normal fetal acid base status
• All the following are required:
• Moderate variability
• Baseline rate 110-160
• Late or variable decels are absent
• Early decels present or absent
• Accels present or absent
Category II: - Answer • Indeterminate compensatory response
• Not category I or II
Category III: - Answer • Abnormal fetal acid-base status
• Either required
• Absent variability with:
o Recurrent late decels, or
o Recurrent variable decels, or
o Bradycardia
• Sinusoidal pattern
In-Utero resuscitation: - Answer • Change maternal position
• Decrease uterine activity
• IV fluid bolus
• Correct maternal hypotension
• Oxygen administration
• Amnioinfusion
• Alteration in 2nd stage maternal pushing efforts
• If prolapsed cord, then elevate fetal presenting part while moving toward operative
birth
Baseline FHR: - Answer • Approximate mean FHR excluding accelerations and
decelerations or periods of marked variability (>25 bpm)
• Minimum of 2 minutes of identifiable BL segments in any 10 min window
• May need to refer to previous 10 min window
Baseline variability: - Answer • Irregular fluctuation in baseline FHR in both amplitude
and frequency
• Absent- Undetectable
• Minimal- 0-5
• Moderate- 6-25
• Marked >25 -> alpha-adrenergic response to decreased uteroplacental blood flow or
ephedrine
Causes of minimal variability: - Answer • General anesthesia
• Smoking
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