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Basic Anatomy and Physiology Multiple Choice Examination
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Basic Anatomy and Physiology Multiple Choice Examination questions and answers explained
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Examination Questions andAnswers in Basic Anatomy
and Physiology
2900 Multiple Choice Questions and 64 Essay
Topics
,
,Contents
1 Organisation of the Body ........................................................................... 1
2 Cells and Tissues ...................................................................................... 15
2.1 Cell and Membrane Structure ............................................................ 15
2.2 Types of Tissues ............................................................................... 31
2.3 Cell Cycle (Mitosis and Protein Synthesis) ........................................ 42
3 Measurement, Errors, Data and Unit Conversion .................................. 51
3.1 Measurement and Errors.................................................................... 51
3.2 Units and Conversion ........................................................................ 59
3.3 Data and Statistics ............................................................................. 66
4 Chemistry for Physiology ........................................................................ 71
4.1 Atoms and Molecules ........................................................................ 71
4.2 Solutions........................................................................................... 92
4.3 Diffusion and Osmosis .................................................................... 103
4.4 Tonicity, Moles and Osmoles .......................................................... 113
4.5 Acids, Bases and Buffers ................................................................. 126
4.6 Organic Chemistry and Macromolecules.......................................... 145
5 Integumentary System ........................................................................... 157
5.1 Layers of the skin ............................................................................ 157
5.2 Receptors and Glands of the Skin .................................................... 163
5.3 Cells, Functions and Burns of the Skin ............................................ 166
6 Homeostasis ........................................................................................... 173
7 Skeletal System ...................................................................................... 185
7.1 Bones.............................................................................................. 186
7.2 Joints .............................................................................................. 204
xv
, xvi Contents
8 Muscular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
8.1 Muscle Naming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
8.2 Anatomy and Physiology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
8.3 Sliding Filament Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
9 Gastrointestinal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
9.1 Anatomy and Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
9.2 Digestion and Enzymes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
9.3 Liver and Accessory Organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
9.4 Nutrition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
10 Endocrine System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
10.1 Endocrine System and Hormones in General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
10.2 Hypothalamus and Pituitary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
10.3 Organs and Their Hormones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
10.3.1 Adrenals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
10.3.2 Kidneys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
10.3.3 Pancreas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
10.3.4 Parathyroids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
10.3.5 Pineal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
10.3.6 Thymus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
10.3.7 Thyroid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
11 Renal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
11.1 Renal Anatomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
11.2 Renal Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
11.3 Hormones Affecting the Renal System (Angiotensin, Renin,
Aldosterone, ADH, ANP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
12 Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
12.1 Blood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
12.2 Heart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
12.2.1 Heart Anatomy and Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
12.2.2 ECG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
12.3 Blood Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
12.4 Pressure: The Physics of Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
12.5 Pressure Applied to the Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
12.6 Blood Pressure and Its Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
13 Respiratory System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
13.1 Anatomy and Physiology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
13.2 Pressure Applied to the Respiratory System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
14 Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
14.1 Cells and Action Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
14.2 Brain and Spinal Cord Anatomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520
14.3 Autonomic Nervous System, Neurotransmitters, Reflexes . . . . . . 543
14.4 Special Senses (Eye and Ear). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
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