Pass, merit and distinction achieved! This assignment contains parts B of BTEC Applied Science year 2 assignment unit 11 Generic and Genetic Engineering. DISTINCTION was given to me without any feedback, and it is very well done and explained. I have completed all of the tasks specified in the assi...
Cell division allows organisms to consume and reproduce sexually and asexually by
replacing worn out cells. Mitosis is the process of feeding and mending cells, whereas
meiosis is the process of producing another organism, which comprises egg and sperm
cells.
Centromere - binds two chromatids together and serves as the kinetochore's attachment
point.
Chromatids - one of two identical chromosomal halves of a duplicated chromosome.
Autosomes - There are 22 pairs of autosomes with no sex chromosomes.
Sex chromosomes - There are 23 X and Y pairings.
Chromosome number – specific number of chromosomes.
Karyotyping – individuals collection of chromosomes.
Homologous – two of the same chromosomes
Non homologous – not the same
Non overlapping – chromosomes do not overlap
Human chromosomes:
The nucleus contains twenty-three pairs of chromosomes. 46 of the chromosomes
operate independently. Because they carry our genetic material, chromosomes, which
are DNA molecules, are rather long. During cell division, chromatin, a double-stranded
long structure similar to a DNA helical helix, is created. Before it can be assembled into
the chromosomal complex, the chromatin must be treated and packaged. DNA must be
appropriately organised in order to be handled during cell division for cell division to
occur. This shape is advantageous because it permits DNA molecules to be tightly
wrapped around proteins, which would otherwise cause chaos inside the cell owing to
their tangled and massive size.
It is also advantageous since the initial and brand-new cell would have an even amount
of DNA, which is essential in reproductive cells because an exact number of
chromosomes is required for successful operation.
Human karyote: This depicts the variety of chromosomes found in humans, which are
arranged in pairs and labelled with numbers, unique factors, and, lastly, an entire cluster
of chromosomes. The image above shows how the sexes are represented by the XY
chromosomes.
Chromatids are the results of packed DNA that has been respectfully inserted into the
chromosomes. Centromeres are two chromatids that contain a duplication and are linked
together by another chromosome. When a cell divides, the centromeres aid the
chromatids in their capacity to unlink. The centromere is a DNA region that is
compressed inside chromosomes. It is essential for chromosomal segregation within
eukaryotic cells during the cell cycle process. Within the chromosome, a specialised DNA
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