NREMT Test Bank Multiple Choice 2022 Answered
1. Hypoglycemia and acute is- chemic stroke can • A:both oxygen and glucose are needed for brain function.
present simi- larly because:
Reason: Although stroke and hypo- glycemia are two
• A:both oxygen and glucose are needed for distinctly different con- ditions, their signs and symptoms
brain function. are often similar. This is because the brain requires both
• B:the majority of stroke patients have a history oxygen and glucose to function normally. An acute
of diabetes. ischemic stroke is caused by a lack of oxygen
• C:the most common cause of a stroke is to a part of the brain due to a blocked cerebral artery,
hypoglycemia. whereas hypoglycemia (low blood glucose level) deprives
• D:they are both caused by low levels of the entire brain of glucose. In either case, the patient
glucose in the blood. presents with signs of im- paired brain function (ie, slurred
speech, weakness, altered mental status). Both conditions
may lead to permanent brain damage or death if not treated
promptly.
2. When dealing with an emotional- ly disturbed You selected C; This is correct!
patient, you should be MOST concerned with:
• A:gathering all of the patient's medications. Reason: When managing any patient with an emotional or
• B:safely transporting to the hospital. psychiatric crisis, your primary concern is your own safe-
• C:whether the patient could harm you. ty. Safely transporting the patient to the hospital is your
• D:obtaining a complete medical history. ultimate goal. If possi- ble, you should attempt to obtain a
med- ical history and should take any of the patient's
prescribed medications to the hospital. However, this
should not su- percede your own safety or interfere with
safely transporting the patient.
3. You are at the scene where a man panicked while You selected B; This is correct!
swimming in a small lake. Your initial attempt to
rescue him should include: Reason: General rules to follow when at- tempting to rescue a
• A:rowing a small raft to the vic- patient from the wa- ter include "reach, throw, row, and then
, tim. go." In this case, you should attempt to reach the victim by
• B:reaching for the victim with a long stick. having him grab hold of a large stick or similar object. If
• C:throwing a rope to the victim. this is unsuccessful, throw the victim a rope or
• D:swimming to the victim to res- flotation device (if available). If these are
cue him. not available, row to the patient in a small raft (if available).
Going into the water
to retrieve the victim is a last resort.
The rescuer must be a strong swimmer because patients
who are in danger of drowning are in a state of blind panic
and will make every attempt to keep them- selves afloat,
even if it means forcing the rescuer underwater.
4. How should you classify a pa- tient's nature of The correct answer is B;
illness if he or she has a low blood glucose lev- el,
bizarre behavior, and shallow breathing? Reason: The nature of illness (NOI) is the medical
• A:Behavioral emergency equivalent to mechanism of injury (MOI). Altered
• B:Altered mental status mental status should be the suspected NOI in any
• C:Respiratory emergency patient with any fluctuation in level of consciousness,
• D:Cardiac compromise which can range from
bizarre behavior to complete unrespon- siveness. Causes
of an altered mental status include hypo- or
hyperglycemia, head trauma, stroke, behavioral crises,
drug overdose, and shock, among oth- ers.
5. A young female is unresponsive after overdosing on The correct answer is C;
an unknown type of drug. Her respirations
are slow and shallow and her pulse is slow and Reason: Of the drugs listed, cocaine would be the least
weak. Which of the following drugs is the LEAST likely cause of the patient's condition. Cocaine is a cen-
likely cause of her condition? tral nervous system (CNS) stimulant; you would expect
• A:Seconal her to be hyperten- sive, tachycardic, tachypneic, and
• B:Heroin per- haps even violent. Heroin, Valium, and
, • C:Cocaine Seconal are all CNS depressants and could explain her
• D:Valium condition. Heroin is an illegal narcotic (opiate), Valium
is a
benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic drug, and Seconal is a
barbiturate. Narcotics, benzodiazepines, and barbiturates
are all CNS depressants. When taken in ex- cess, they cause
a decreased level of consciousness, respiratory depression,
bradycardia, and hypotension.
6. Activated charcoal is contraindi- cated for a You selected D; This is correct!
patient who is:
• A:conscious and alert and Reason:Activated charcoal adsorbs (sticks to) many
has ingested a large amount of ingested substances, preventing them from being absorbed
Motrin. into the body by the stomach or in- testines. In some cases,
• B:emotionally upset and has in- gested two you may give activated charcoal to patients who have
bottles of aspirin. ingested certain substances, if approved by medical control
• C:agitated and claims to have ingested a or local protocol. Ac- tivated charcoal is contraindicated
bottle of Tylenol. for patients who have ingested an acid or alkali (ie, drain
• D:awake and alert and has swal- lowed a cleaner) or a petroleum product (ie, gasoline), who have a
commercial drain clean- er. de- creased level of consciousness and can- not protect their
own airway, or who are unable to swallow.
7. The MOST obvious way to reduce you selected D; This is correct!
heat loss from radiation and con-
vection is to: Reason:In a cold environment, the body has two ways of
• A:move away from a cold ob- ject. staying warm: generat- ing heat (thermogenesis) and
• B:increase metabolism by shiv- ering. reducing heat loss. Radiation is the transfer of heat by
• C:wear a thick wind-proof jack- et. radiant energy. The body can lose heat by radiation, such
as when a person stands in a cold room. Convec- tion
occurs when heat is transferred to
, • D:move to a warmer environ- ment. circulating air, as when cool air moves across the body's
surface. A person standing in windy cold weather, wear-
ing lightweight clothing, is losing heat to the environment
mostly by convection. The quickest and most obvious way
to decrease heat loss from radiation and convection is to
move out of the cold environment and seek shelter from
wind. Shivering increases the body's metabo- lism and is a
mechanism for generating heat, not reducing heat loss.
Layers of clothing trap air and provide excellent in- sulation;
thus, layered clothing decreas- es heat loss better than a
single, thick jacket. Conduction is the direct transfer of heat
from a part of the body to a colder object by direct contact, as
when a warm hand touches cold metal or ice.The most
obvious way to decrease heat loss by conduction is to
remove your hand from the cold object.
8. A near-drowning is MOST accu- rately defined You selected C; This is correct!
as:
• A:complications within 24 hours following Reason:Collectively, drowning and near-drowning are
submersion in water. referred to as sub- mersion injuries. Drowning is
• B:immediate death due to pro- longed defined as death after submersion in a liquid medium,
submersion in water. usually water. In a drowning, death is either immediate
• C:survival for at least 24 hours following or occurs within 24 hours following submersion.
submersion in water. Near-drowning is defined as survival, at least temporarily
• D:death greater than 24 hours following (24 hours), after sub- mersion. It should be noted, however,
submersion in water. that complications such as pneumonia and pulmonary
edema can cause death greater than 24 hours following
submer- sion. For this reason, all patients with a
