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Perception Task 9: Speech Perception
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The document has a summary of the mandatory literature for Task 9: Goldstein,Speech Perception (Ch.13).
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TASK 9: SPEECH PERCEPTIONGOLDSTEIN, CH.13
Patterns of pressure changes in the air is called acoustic signal.
Articulators: structures such as lips, tongue, teeth, jaw and soft palate
- The manner of articulation describes how the articulators interact when making a
speech sound
- The place of articulation describes the location of articulation
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Vowels are produced by the vibration of vocal tracts. Different vowels produce different
peaks of pressure in different numbers.
The frequencies which these peaks occur called formants.
- Formant transitions: rapid shifts in formants
A phoneme is the basic unit of the speech, if changed changes the meaning of the word.
- Lack of invariance: there is no simple relationship between a particular phoneme and
the acoustic signal. The speaker could be male/female/different accents etc.
Coarticulation: the shape of the vocal tract associated with a particular phoneme is affected
by both the preceding and the following phoneme.
Bat and Boot
- Perceptual constancy: we perceive the sound of a particular phoneme as constant
even when the phoneme appears in different context that changes it acoustic signal.
Categorical Perception:
Voice onset time (VOT): the time delay between when a sound begins and when the vocal
cords begin vibrating.
All stimuli on the same side of the phonetic boundary are perceived as the same category
even though their VOTs are different. (another example for perceptual constancy)
Speech is multimodal, meaning it can be influenced by information from a number different
sense
, The effect is called McGurk effect
Audiovisual speech perception: although auditory information is the major source of
information for speech perception, visual information can also exert extra strong influence
what we hear.
Phonemic restoration effect: participants didn’t realize that s in ‘legislatures’ was replaced
by a cough. Their brain automatically completed the word.
When words are arranged in a meaningful order, we can perceive them more easily.
Speech segmentation: the perception of individual words in a conversation.
- Meaning we do not only rely on the energy of the words
- But we use top-down processing with the meaning of words to segment them and
the context they are in
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