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HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II SC131-036CAre Childhood Vaccinations Safe (seminar)
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HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II SC131-036CAre Childhood Vaccinations Safe(seminar)
1) Would you vaccinate your children? Why or why not? Personally, my husband & I would
vaccinate our children due to the fact with any possible chronic illnesses, disabilities, or pre-
existing/ongoing health issues he may have to live within his family history and same with my
family history it’s better to be ahead of the game and keep our children in great health when
vaccinations are offered and when they come up to be administered
2) Is it true that childhood disease such as diphtheria and polio have been eradicated due to the
use of antibiotics? What about better hygiene or better living conditions? Why or why not? Yes,
they have as diphtheria, bubonic & black plague, polio, smallpox, and other diseases prior to the
1900’s mostly have found cures and medicinal drugs such as antibiotics have found an overall
depletion to these deadly maladies in general. As far as improved bathing/grooming skills and
living conditions depend on the inhabitants & how they were brought up. These factors are
weighed upon & medical professionals examine these factors closely when they observe patients
for annual, weekly, monthly, or any other time framed exams.
Pros & Cons for Early Childhood Immunization
Pros
1) American Academy of Pediatrics states that "most childhood vaccines are 90%-99% effective
in preventing disease." [43] According to Shot@Life, a United Nations Foundation partner
organization, vaccines save 2.5 million children from preventable diseases every year [44],
which equates to roughly 285 children saved every hour. The Centers for Disease Control
(CDC) estimated that 732,000 American children were saved from death and 322 million cases
of childhood illnesses were prevented between 1994 and 2014 due to vaccination. [45] The
measles vaccine has decreased childhood deaths from measles by 74%. [44]
2) Vaccines can save children's lives. The American Academy of Pediatrics states that "most
childhood vaccines are 90%-99% effective in preventing disease." [43] According to Shot@Life,
a United Nations Foundation partner organization, vaccines save 2.5 million children from
preventable diseases every year [44], which equates to roughly 285 children saved every hour.
The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimated that 732,000 American children were saved
from death and 322 million cases of childhood illnesses were prevented between 1994 and 2014
due to vaccination. [45] The measles vaccine has decreased childhood deaths from measles by
,HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II SC131-036CAre Childhood Vaccinations Safe
(seminar)
74%. [44]
3) Major medical organizations state that vaccines are safe. These organizations include: CDC,
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Institute of Medicine (IOM), American Medical
Association (AMA), American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), UNICEF, US Department of
Health and Human Services (HHS), World Health Organization (WHO), Public Health Agency
of Canada, Canadian Pediatric Society, National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID),
and American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP). [49][50][43][51][52][54][55][56][57]
[58] The WHO states, "Vaccines are very safe." [59] The US Department of Health and Human
Services states, "Vaccines are some of the safest medical products available." [51]
4) Adverse reactions to vaccines are extremely rare. The most common side effect of vaccines,
anaphylaxis (a severe allergic reaction), occurs in one per several hundred thousand to one per
million vaccinations. [60] According to Sanjay Gupta, Chief Medical Correspondent for CNN
and practicing neurosurgeon, "you are 100 times more likely to be struck by lightning than to
have a serious allergic reaction to the vaccine that protects you against measles." [113] Ellen
Clayton, MD, JD, Professor of Pediatrics and Law at Vanderbilt Law School and co-author of
the 2011 IOM report "Committee to Review Adverse Effects of Vaccines," summarized the
results of the report: "The MMR vaccine does not cause autism… The MMR and DTaP do not
cause Type 1 diabetes. And the killed flu vaccine does not cause Bell’s palsy, and it does not
trigger episodes of asthma." [50] Combination vaccines, like MMR (measles, mumps, and
rubella), have been used without adverse effects since the mid-1940s.[60]
5) Vaccines protect the "herd." Herd immunity (or community immunity) means that when a
"critical portion" (the percent of people who need to be vaccinated to provide herd immunity) of
a population is vaccinated against a contagious disease it is unlikely that an outbreak of the
disease will occur so most members of the community will be protected. [61] Children and adults
who cannot be vaccinated due to age, poor health (who are immune-compromised or undergoing
chemotherapy, for example), or other reasons rely on herd immunity to prevent contraction of
vaccine-preventable diseases. [62] A Jan. 2008 outbreak of measles in San Diego, CA resulted in
48 children who had to be quarantined because they were too young to be vaccinated and could
not rely on herd immunity to keep them safe. [63] In 2011, 49 US states did not meet the 92-94%
herd immunity threshold for pertussis (whooping cough), resulting in a 2012 outbreak that
sickened 42,000 people and was the biggest outbreak since 1955. [64] In 2005, an 18-month-old
Amish girl contracted polio and spread the disease to four other unvaccinated children, but,
because the community met the herd immunity threshold for the disease, there was no polio
outbreak. [65][66]
, HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II SC131-036CAre Childhood Vaccinations Safe
(seminar)
6) Vaccines save children and their parents time and money. Vaccines cost less in time and
money to obtain than infectious diseases cost in time off of work to care for a sick child,
potential long-term disability care, and medical costs. [67] For example, children under five with
the flu are contagious for about eight days, and, according to a 2012 CDC study, cost their
parents an average of 11 to 73 hours of wages (about $222 to $1,456) and $300 to $4,000 in
medical expenses. [68][69] Children with rotavirus are contagious for up to 30 days. [70] A Jan.
2008 outbreak of measles in San Diego, CA resulted in 11 unvaccinated children catching
measles and a resulting net public-sector cost of $10,376 per case (or, $123,512 total) due to
emergency vaccination and outbreak response. [63] Furthermore, under the Patient Protection
and Affordable Care Act (PPACA, or Obamacare) many vaccines are available to children and
adults without a copay. [71]
7) Vaccines protect future generations. Vaccinated mothers protect their unborn children from
viruses that could potentially cause birth defects, and vaccinated communities can help eradicate
diseases for future generations. Before the rubella vaccine was licensed in 1969, global rubella
(German measles) outbreak caused the deaths of 11,000 babies and birth defects in 20,000
babies between 1963 and 1965 in the United States. [72] Women who were vaccinated as
children against rubella have greatly decreased the chance of passing the virus to their unborn or
newborn children, eliminating the birth defects, such as heart problems, hearing and vision loss,
congenital cataracts, liver and spleen damage, and mental disabilities, associated with the
disease. [51][72][73]
8) Vaccines eradicated smallpox and have nearly eradicated other diseases such as polio.
Children are no longer vaccinated against smallpox because the disease no longer exists due to
vaccination. [74] The last case of smallpox in the United States was in 1948; the last case in the
world was 1977 in Somalia. [74] In the twentieth century, there were 16,316 deaths from polio
and 29,004 deaths from smallpox yearly in the United States; in 2012 there were no reported
cases of polio or smallpox. [75] According to UNICEF, there were 500 cases of polio in 2014
worldwide (appearing only in three countries: Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Pakistan), down from
350,000 cases in 1988, thanks to vaccination programs. [52] Diphtheria killed 21,053 people
yearly, measles killed 530,217 people yearly, mumps killed 162,344 people yearly, rubella
killed 47,745 people yearly, and Hib killed 20,000 people yearly in the twentieth century the
United States; by 2012 each of these diseases was decreased by 99% because of vaccinations.
[75]
9) Vaccine-preventable diseases have not disappeared so vaccination is still necessary. The CDC
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