BCAT STUDY GUIDE/ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Autism Answer - Problems w/social communication/interactions, Presence of restrictive/repetitive behavior patterns Varies in each person DSM 5 criteria for ASD Answer - Problems w/social communication/interactions, Restrictive/repetitive behaviors Hyper/hypo sensory stimulation Issues w/motor skills/adaptive tasks Pervasive skill deficits (Tantrums, aggression, non-compliance, eloping, protest behaviors) EIBI (early intensive behavioral intervention) Answer - Treatment Should: begin early intensive based on ABA individualized transition to natural environment comprehensive Active parent/caregiver involvement In the U.S., what is the ratio of people with autism compared to those who don't? Answer - 1 in 54 in the U.S. Are boys or girls more affected by autism? Answer - Boys are 4.3x more likely What is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) ? Answer - applying the "Principles of behavior" systematically to improve social behavior, and identify variables responsible for behavior change What is the Core principle of ABA? Answer - Desirable consequences will increase whereas undesirable consequences will decrease behavior What is being done in the ABA principle of Positive reinforcement? Answer - ADD pleasant stimulus to INCREASE/maintain behavior What is being done in the ABA principle of Negative reinforcement? Answer - Remove aversive stimulus to INCREASE/maintain behavior What is being done in the ABA principle of Positive punishment? Answer - ADD aversive stimulus to Decrease behavior What is being done in the ABA principle of negative punishment? Answer - Remove stimulus to decrease behavior What do we need to know for ABA? Answer - General info abt client Current levels of skills Behavioral challenges Client/family priorities Previous treatment history Client Preferences What do you need to do before starting ABA program? Answer - Individualized assessment Individualized assessment procedures Answer - Direct/indirect assessment Direct assessment Answer - observing the learner/gathering data on the actual behavior that's occurring indirect assessment Answer - gathering info through interviews, questionnaires, record reviews What is an unconditioned (primary) reinforcer? Answer - INNATELY reinforcing stimulus; unlearned; fulfills basic needs What is a conditioned (secondary) reinforcer? Answer - Learned reinforcer; neutral stimulus gained reinforcing properties by being paired with something Behavior Answer - anything a person says or does Stimulus Answer - any physical object/event that an individual can see, hear, smell, touch taste What is 3-term contingency? Answer - Antecedent Behavior Consequence Antecedent Answer - what happens prior to the behavior Behavior(response) Answer - what occurs after the antecedent consequence Answer - what happens immediately following the behavior What is key in ABA? Answer - Consistency (b/c w/o it, behaviors don't change) Individualization What is the difference between extinction burst and spontaneous recovery? Answer - Extinction burst is when the conditioned behavior increases in frequency right before the behavior is eliminated for good. Spontaneous recovery is when the conditioned behavior WAS extinct, but all of a sudden it comes back. What is Stimulus Discrimination Training? Answer - SDT is reinforcing the correct/desired response AND putting the incorrect re. on extinction What does Discrete Trial Training consist of? Answer - Break down skills into smaller teachable parts Teach each skill component until mastery Intensive teaching sessions Use of and fading of prompts when necessary Increase skills through reinforcement strategies Instructor-lead In the 3-term contingency, what makes a good Antecedent? Answer - Performed by instructor clear, concise, consistent In the 3-term contingency, describe "Behavior". Answer - Can either be correct or incorrect In the 3-term contingency, what does the "Consequence" consist of? Answer - the Consequence involves either the reinforcement or correction of the behavior