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Summary Part 1: IB history
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Notes comparing japanese, german and italian expansionism.
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Japan Italy GermanyIsolation to integration Lack of national identity WW1 for Germany
1853: Commodore Perry arrives to Japan Italy had only just united in 1861. Rome and The German population expected victory
(gunboat diplomacy) the Papal States joining as late as 1870. because the Allies hadn’t reached the
1854:Treaty of Kanagawa - Wealth gap between North and South mainland and because for better war effort
1867:Tokugawa Shogunate overthrown since - Feeling of Piedmontisation they had been told they were winning. The
it failed to limit western influence - Church and State don’t get along war had caused huge human cost +
1868: Meiji restoration. Military, educational WW1 intervention will only exacerbate this starvation + spanish influenza
reforms based on western ideals (end of feeling. “stab in the back myth” →socialists to blame
shogun). Japan united against the west. because they signed the armistice
- “rich country, strong military” TOV is very strict on Germany. It was a
- destiny as leaders of Asia diktat. Signed by the November Criminals.
1876: Japan forces Korea to sign Treaty of →the leaders of the Weimar Republic
Amity (special rights).
Origins First-Sino Japanese War (1894-5) Catholic Church WW1 impact
Japan defeats China due to modernization= Breakdown of relations had begun after SA established as a paramilitary group that
Treaty of Shimonoseki. Taiwan and unification. The Church had lost power and recruited ex-soldiers. Main ideas include:
Liaodong peninsula for Japan, operate ships thus didn’t like the idea. This division was a. gross deutschland
on the Yangtze, indemnity, right to exacerbated by liberalists’ anti-clerical a.k.a, Pan-germanism. included the
factories,... policies. Up until 1914, the Vatican had Anchsluss
● Triple Intervention: Russia, urged people not to vote. b. race and living space
Liaodong; Germany, Shandong and lebensraum (third reich) and purity of the
France just participated. Mussolini got along with the Pope. race ideas, social darwinism
→strengthens national unity and use of c. Natural enemies and allies
military in nation’s affairs Russia & France: enemies (many jews in
→”endure through hardships” Russia and communists and France is the
natural enemy because of Versailles)
Britain and Italy as potential allies
, Anglo-Japanese Alliance 1902 Working-class unrest Weimar Republic
Chinese Boxer Rebellion 1900>Russia sent Middle and upper class dominate the system Years of crisis and putschism→extreme
troops to help contain it>Anglo-Japanese since vote is limited to the elite until 1930. political groups
Alliance so war with Russia. Liberals had thus gained the reputation of 1919: Spartacist revolution led by Rosa
→Alliance says that if a country was corrupt and favoring the rich only=unrest Luxembourg and Karl Liebknecht. Ebert
fighting a war against 2 other countries, they - general strike of 1914 (red week) calls on the freikorps. Division between
would help each other. (deterrence for France So, Giovanni Giolitti was set on winning SPDs and KPDs.
to help Russia). over the masses →electoral+warfare reform, March 1920: failed coup by the right.
and religion allowed in schools. Wolfgang Kapp and Hitler goes to prison
He also went to the Italian-Turkish war of January 1923: French and Belgian invasion
1911-1912 to win over Nationalists. War of the Ruhr. Missed reparation
unpopular with Socialists. deadline>occupy the ruhr>print money for
passive resistance.
The munich putsch trial gave hitler the
propaganda to convert fascism into a
national movement.
Russo-Japanese War 1904 WW1 for Italy Stresemann years
Clash over interests in Korea and Manchuria. Although Italy had been part of the Triple Hyperinflation was halted due to the dawes
*Manchuria is relevant to Japan because of Alliance since 1882, the pact didn’t involve plan in 1924 with the US and the Young Plan
living space, buffer to Russia and raw military action→italian neutrality. in 1929 in which more loans were supposed
materials. However, Nationalists hoped to win to be given to Germany. This and
=Japanese navy superior= Treaty of Austria-Hungary’s Italian speaking people. Stresemann’s pragmatism who thought the
Portsmouth in 1905. So Salandra signs the Treaty of London with best way to revoke the TOV was through
-1905:Korea is a Japanese Britain, France and Russia in April 1915. cooperation with France and Britain led to
protectorate+railway rights in Intervention caused division on the left. The the Locarno Spring and the Kellogg-Briand
Manchuria+much of Manchuria PSI was against, it was imperialist but some Pact.
thought it could foster revolution. Rapallo treaty is also signed in 1922.
- fasci di azione: left wing groups who This ends in 1929 when the US calls in the
supported interventionism short credit loans because of the great
Mussolini expelled from Avanti→Il popolo Depression of 1929. Unemployment and
di Italia. unrest lead to the polarization of German
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