Local anesthesia depresses excitation in nerve endings or inhibiting the conduction of what nerves?
periphreal
LA differe from other drugs in that most other drugs are absorbed in the blood stream but LA stop their action once absorbed where?
systemic circulation
Why are vasoconstrict...
local anesthesia depresses excitation in nerve endings or inhibiting the conduction of what nerves
a differe from other drugs in that most ot
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WREB Study Guide
Local anesthesia depresses excitation in nerve endings or inhibiting the conduction of
what nerves? - ANSWER periphreal
LA differe from other drugs in that most other drugs are absorbed in the blood stream
but LA stop their action once absorbed where? - ANSWER systemic circulation
Why are vasoconstrictors added to LA? - ANSWER decrease blood flow at injection
site, constrict blood vessels and allows for a longer working time more profound
anesthesia and less bleeding
Why are additives and preservatives added to LA? - ANSWER prolong the shelf life by
using antioxidant properties
What are two examples of additives and preservatives? - ANSWER sodium bisulfite and
sodium metasulfite
Asthma patients are sensitive to what additive? - ANSWER sulfites
If a person is allergic to sodium bisulfite do you use vasoconstrictor? - ANSWER No
What does a yellow brown tint indicate? - ANSWER oxidation
What should you do if there is oxidation in the carpule? - ANSWER dispose of it.
Are LA's vasodilators or vasoconstrictors? - ANSWER vasodilators except cocaine its a
vasoconstrictor
What phase of nerve conduction has positive ca+ on the outside and negative on the
inside with no movement of ions? - ANSWER resting state
What phase of nerve conduction has increase permeability to NA+ ions becomes less
negative within the nerve? - ANSWER deolarization slow phase
What phase of nerve conduction has enough stimulus to make nerve fire with influx of
sodium? - ANSWER rapid depolarization
What phase of nerve conduction returns to resting state which Na goes out of the nerve
and k returns in the nerve. influx of K+ - ANSWER Repolarization
What is the site of action for a LA? - ANSWER nerve membrane
LA are alkaloid bases meaning they are? - ANSWER wea combine with acids to form
water soluble salts.
, WREB Study Guide
Base form is lipophilic and non-ionized or hydrophilic and ionized? - ANSWER lipophilic
and non-ionized.
ph. of normal tissue is - ANSWER 7.3 to 7.4
ph. of local anesthesia is - ANSWER 5.5
ph. of local anesthesia with epinephrine is - ANSWER 3.3
ph. of inflamed tissue is - ANSWER 5.5 to 5.6
when there is an inflamed area it means less or more anesthesia is absorbed causing a
slower or faster onset of action...meaning it reduces the potency of the drug and poor
anesthesia. - ANSWER slower onset, less anesthesia
Esters hydrolyzed to ______________in the blood by pseudocholinesterase. -
ANSWER PABA
Amides metabolized by the ___________ except prilocaine which is metabolized in the
___________ - ANSWER liver, lungs
What should you avoid in patients who have liver failure? - ANSWER amides
Where do amides and esters excrete? - ANSWER kidneys
People who have kidney trouble renal disease have a hard time excreting which LA? -
ANSWER mepivicaine.
Which LA do we want to avoid if a patient is allergic to a sulfa? - ANSWER articaine
What happens if a patient is allergic what happens to them? - ANSWER rash or
anaphylaxis
Do amides cause allergic reactions? - ANSWER No
Vasoconstrictors have an alpha or beta effect on vasoconstrictor causing constriction of
blood vessels? - ANSWER alpha
Vasoconstrictors exert their action directly on the what receptors? - ANSWER
adrenergic
An overdose amount of vasoconstrictor would produce what effect alpha or beta? -
ANSWER Beta affect heart and smooth muscle reactions, vasodilation and
bronchodilation
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