NR 293 - Exam 1
Pharmaceutics ANS: the dosage form that determines the rate of drug dissolution
Pharmacodynamics ANS: - what the drug does to the body
- therapeutic effects
Selective Enzyme Interaction ANS: when the drug binds to an enzyme molecule and inhibits (blocks) or stimulates t...
NR 293 - Exam 1
Pharmaceutics ANS: the dosage form that determines the rate of drug dissolution
Pharmacodynamics ANS: - what the drug does to the body
- therapeutic effects
Selective Enzyme Interaction ANS: when the drug binds to an enzyme molecule and inhibits (blocks) or
stimulates the enzyme action with the normal target cell
Pharmacokinetics ANS: - what the body does to the drug
- study of movement of drugs throughout the body
Absorption ANS: being absorbed or used by the tissues
First Pass Effect ANS: oral doses of drugs are absorbed into the GI tract and metabolized by the liver,
resulting in a reduced amount of bioavailability or active drug in the circulatory system.
*Oral doses are generally higher to allow for this effect*
Drugs that are Effected by First Pass Effect ANS: - Elixir
- Tablets
- Capsules
*enteral drugs*
What drugs aren't effected by First Pass Effect? ANS: - IV
- Sublingual
- Transdermal Patch
- Suppository
*parenteral drugs*
Half Life ANS: - the time t takes for 1/2 of the drug dose to be eliminated from the body
-drugs with a long half life enables them to be taken less frequently
EX: ibuprofen has a half life of 2 hours, after 1 half life 200 mg will turn into 100 mg
Plasma ANS: yellow fluid part of blood that holds the cells
Interstitial Fluid ANS: fluid within the cells
, Transcellular Fluid ANS: part of extracellular fluid
Areas of Fast Distribution ANS: - Heart
- Liver
Areas of Slow Distribution ANS: - Muscle
- Fat
- Skin
Protein Binding Complications ANS: if a person has a low protein , or albumin level, free drug will be
circulating and can cause toxicity of the drug.
EX: a person with normal albumin levels is prescribed more than one drug that is highly protein binding.
the prescriber will likely decrease the dose of both drugs to avoid drug toxicity
Normal Albumin Level ANS: 3.5-5.5 g/dL
Metabolism ANS: use and transformation of drugs so that they can be excreted from the body
Where are most drugs metabolized/excreted? ANS: - Liver
- Kidney
Neonates/Infants: Drug Metabolism ANS: have immature liver and kidneys causing them to have
decreased or poor metabolism and excretion of drugs
Cytochrome P-450 ANS: when drugs are bio-transformed through an enzyme to form fat-soluble
metabolites that are easy to eliminate
Liver Failure: Drug Metabolism ANS: have difficulty metabolizing certain drugs
Fast/Slow Acetylators ANS: genetic conditions that affect how the liver metabolizes drugs
Excretion ANS: drugs excreted through liver, kidneys (urine), hair, skin, breath, saliva, perspiration,
feces, milk and bile
Six Rights of Medication Administration ANS: - Right Patient
- Right Drug
- Right Route
- Right Dose
- Right Time
- Right Documentation
What should you do if part of the order is missing? ANS: NOTIFY THE PRESCRIBER
EX: give mr. jones bactrim PO every 6 hours for UTI
(no dose is given)
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