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Chapter 2 LectureFundamentals of General,
Organic, and Biological
Chemistry
8th Edition
McMurry, Ballantine, Hoeger, Peterson
Chapter Two
Atoms and the Periodic Table
Christina A. Johnson
University of California, San Diego
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
,Outline
2.1 Atomic Theory and the Structure of Atoms
2.2 Elements and Atomic Number
2.3 Isotopes and Atomic Weight
2.4 The Periodic Table
2.5 Some Characteristics of Different Groups
2.6 Electronic Structure of Atoms
2.7 Electron Configurations
2.8 Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
2.9 Electron-Dot Symbols
,2.1 Atomic Theory
Chemistry is founded on four assumptions, which
together make up atomic theory:
1. All matter is composed of atoms.
2. The atoms of a given element differ from the
atoms of all other elements.
3. Chemical compounds consist of atoms
combined in specific ratios. Only whole atoms
can combine.
4. Chemical reactions change only the way
atoms are combined in compounds.
, 2.1 Atomic Theory
Atoms are composed of tiny subatomic particles
called protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• Protons carry a positive electrical charge.
• Neutrons have a mass similar to that of a
proton, but are electrically neutral.
• Electrons have a mass that is only 1/1,836 that
of a proton and carry a negative electrical
charge.
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