PSYC 2009 Week 3 Test – Question and Answers

PSYC 2009 Week 3 Test – Question and Answers 1. Of the three conditions necessary for psychological change, which refers to the ability to perceive the client’s experiences as they are perceived by the client? Answer: Empathic understanding 2. According to Rogers, the neurotic individual experiences _______________ between self and experience. Answers: incongruence 3. Crocker, Sommers, and Luhtanen (2002) found that the self-worth of graduate school applicants was contingent upon the letters of acceptance and rejection they received from graduate programs only for students for whom academic success ______________. Answer: was central to their identity 4. According to Higgins, discrepancies between the actual and ideal self lead to _____________-related emotions, whereas discrepancies between the actual and ought self lead to _______________-related emotions. Answer: dejection; agitation 5. As Rogers would have predicted, recent brain scan data reveal that patterns of brain activation differ for thinking that: Answer: Is intuitive vs. nonintuitive and Reflects on present- vs. future-oriented self 6. To Rogers, the major developmental concern is whether the child is free to self-actualize, or whether __________ cause(s) the child to become defensive. Answer: conditions of worth 7. Heimpel, Wood, Marshall, and Brown’s (2002) findings indicated that when given the choice, individuals prefer _________ over __________. Answer: consistency; positive mood 8. In cataloging human strengths, Seligman and colleagues noted that for a characteristic to be a strength, it should be an enduring characteristic of the person that is beneficial in a variety of life domains. Which of the following, then, would not be characterized as a strength? Answer: Culinary skill 9. Rogers recognized that a proper evaluation of the effectiveness of his therapeutic technique would require _______ methods. Answer: objective 10. Rogers’s subception is most similar to Freud’s concept of ______. Answer: defense 11. Rogers noted that individuals can become so consumed with the need for ___________that they can lose touch with their own values. Answer: positive regard 12. Of the three conditions necessary for psychological change, which can be summarized as a deep and genuine caring for the individual? Answer: Unconditional positive regard 13. The semantic differential can be described as a measure that is fixed _________ flexible. Answer: but also 14. According to terror management theory, much of our behavior is motivated by _________________. Answer: the fear of death 15. A phenomenological approach is one that investigates ___________ experiences. Answer: conscious 16. In Rogers’s phenomenological theory, the key structural concept is that of the ___________. Answer: self 17. A central tenet of ____________ theory is that people have an inherent psychological need to engage in tasks that are intrinsically meaningful as opposed to action that is coerced, forced, or compelled, whether by internal forces or external forces. Answer: self-determination 18. According to Rogers, feelings of inauthenticity result from our need to _____________. Answer: please others 19. Abraham Maslow believed that frustration resulted when individuals were unable to_________________. Answer: realize their potential 20. In Coopersmith’s (1967) research on the origins of self-esteem, three factors influenced a child’s sense of self-worth. Which of the following was not one of them? Answer: Whether parenting was primarily done by the mother or by the father