Summary OCR History - living under Nazi rule (GSCE)
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Course
History
Institution
GCSE
this document contains the key info you will need for your living under Nazi rule GSCE exam - including the key dates, people and events that if revised effectively will surely help you get a grade 7+
- Dec 1939, Hitler announces Germany will become a war economy – all industries would
focus on the war effort – ambitious targets for every aspect of the war effort – 1939 23% of
the good produced in Germany was military related – 1941 47% war related manufacturing +
55% of the work force employed in war related work
Albert Speer:
- Minister of armaments and war production – appointed in Feb 1942 – gave factories more
autonomy – single product manufacturing – employ more women – use concentration camp
prisoners – excluded skilled workers from military service – 1940 Germany = 1600 tanks,
1944 = 19k tanks – 1940 Germany = 10.2k aircraft, 1944 = 39.6k aircraft
Shortages:
- Rationing began due to shortage of food, clothing, shoes, etc. – German rationing system is
complicated and caused confusion
Women:
- Speers wanted women employed in the war effort – Hitler and others wanted them to carry
on as wives and mothers – 1939 = 760k women to 1941 = 1.5mill employed in the war
industry – but women aged 15-65 population was 30mill – most stayed home
Bombing:
- 28 Aug 1940, British planes attack berlin – autumn of 1940 3 or 4 raid in cities per week –
German Gov introduced massive programme to build raid shelters and improve air defences
in cities – air raid shelters weren’t always safe e.g., 15 Berliners died when their shelter
collapsed
Evacuation:
- Sept 1940, Nazis concerned for safety of German children in cities – introduced evacuation
programme named Kinderlandverschickung (KLV) – voluntary evacuation to the countryside
in Hamburg and Berlin – all children under the age of 14 eligible for 6 months stay in rural
area – under 10 placed in families + accompanied by mother – older kids in Hitler youth
camps
Opposition and total war
Wartime opposition:
- Operation Valkyrie – planned + led by colonel Stauffenburg – joined resistance group led by
Ludwig Beck and Hennig von Treskow – assassination attempt on Hitler and overthrow
German Gov with reserve army – 20 July 1944 planted a bomb at the Wolf Schanze (wolfs
lair) Hitler survived – plotters court martialled and executed by firing squad
Public criticism:
- Cardinal Glen – gave 3 sermons denouncing the terror method of the gestapo, taking of
church property and murdering the mentally and physically disabled – gained the name ‘Lion
of Munster’ – sermons printed and illegally distributed – 3 priests who took part in the
sermon were arrested + executed
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