Recommended treatment for RSV in a 7-month-old (outpatient) - ANSWER Use of saline drops and suctioning of the nares. Indications of when to use antipyretics. Signs of respiratory distress or dehydration. Guidelines for feeding an infant with signs of mild respiratory distress which includes smalle...
recommended treatment for rsv in a 7 month old outpatient
epiglottitis ss
foreign body aspiration antibiotic
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NUNP 6541 Pediatric Final Exam-Walden
U 2022
Recommended treatment for RSV in a 7-month-old (outpatient) - ANSWER Use of
saline drops and suctioning of the nares. Indications of when to use antipyretics. Signs
of respiratory distress or dehydration. Guidelines for feeding an infant with signs of mild
respiratory distress which includes smaller more frequent feedings; monitoring of the
respiratory rate; and guarding against vomiting. The parents should be educated that
the child may have the symptoms over the course of 2-3 weeks
Epiglottitis s/s - ANSWER Acute and rapid onset of high fever, chills, and toxicity.
Severe sore throat and drooling saliva. Will not eat or drink, muffled (hot potato) voice,
and anxiety. Sitting posture with hyperextended neck with open-mouth breathing.
Stridor, tachycardia, and tachypnea
Epiglottitis prevention - ANSWER Hemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine
Steeple sign - ANSWER a radiologic sign found on radiograph where the subglottic
tracheal narrowing produces a shape of a church steeple which supports a diagnosis of
croup
Foreign body aspiration antibiotic? - ANSWER Depends on the nature of the material
aspirated, plus the location and degree of obstruction. Bronchial or laryngeal foreign
body aspiration, a bronchoscopy must be performed for removal of the foreign body
Antibiotics for bronchiolitis? - ANSWER Use of saline drops and suctioning of the nares.
There is no evidence to support the routine use of antibiotics
Antibiotics for croup? - ANSWER Nebulized epinephrine, corticosteroids
(dexamethasone oral or IM), blow by oxygen or heliox in severe croup. Racemic
epinephrine with the use of corticosteroids to limit rebound swelling
Antibiotics for epiglottitis? - ANSWER Establish an airway preferably by nasotracheal
intubation. Administer IV antibiotics such as rocephin to cover H.influenzae. Administer
oxygen and respiratory support. Antibiotics should be continued for 10 days. Rifampin
prophylaxis 20 mg/kg in a single dose (maximum of 600 mg) for 4 days for infants and
children, 600 mg once a day for adults for 4 days. Should be provided for household
contacts who are at risk (Younger than 4 years old who is non-immunized or
incompletely immunized, children less than 12 months who have not received primary
series of Hib, and immunocompromised children.
Asthma treatment - ANSWER The pharmacological management of asthma in children
is based on the severity of asthma and the child's age. After initial control, decrease
treatment to the least amount of medication needed to maintain control. Systemic
corticosteroids may be needed at any time and stepped up if there is a major flare-up of
symptoms.
,NUNP 6541 Pediatric Final Exam-Walden
U 2022
Step 1 Asthma management for children 0-4 years old - ANSWER Step 1: SABA (Short
acting beta2-agonist) PRN: With viral respiratory symptoms short acting beta 2-agonist
should be used every 4-6 hours up to 24 hours (longer with a physician consult).
Consider short course of oral systemic corticosteroids if severe exacerbation. Frequent
use of SABA may indicate the need to step up treatment
Step 2 Asthma management for children 0-4 years old - ANSWER Step 2: Consider
consultation with asthma specialist. Low dose of inhaled corticosteroids.
Step 3 asthma mgmt for children 0-4 yrs - ANSWER Step 3: Medium-dose of inhaled
corticosteroids
Steps 4-6 asthma mgmt for children 0-4 yrs - ANSWER Step 4: Medium-dose ICS and
Long acting beta2-agonist or montelukast.
Step 5: High dose ICS and Long acting beta 2-agonist or montelukast.
Step 6: High dose of ICS and LABA or montelukast and oral corticosteroids
Steps 1-3 asthma mgmt for children 5-11 yrs - ANSWER Step 1: SABA (Short acting
beta 2-agonist) PRN: Increasing the use of short-acting beta 2-agonist or use greater
than 2 days a week for symptom relief generally indicates inadequate control and the
need to step up treatment.
Step 2: Consider consultation with asthma specialist. Low dose of inhaled
corticosteroids.
Step 3: Low dose of inhaled corticosteroid and LABA. Or medium dose of inhaled
corticosteroids.
Steps 4-6 asthma mgmt for children 5-11 yrs - ANSWER Step 4: Medium-dose ICS and
LABA or medium dose of inhaled corticosteroid and leukotriene receptor antagonist or
theophylline. .
Step 5: High dose ICS and LABA or high dose of inhaled corticosteroid and leukotriene
receptor antagonist or theophylline. .
Step 6: High dose of ICS and LABA and oral corticosteroids or high dose of inhaled
corticosteroids and leukotriene receptor antagonist or theophylline and oral
corticosteroids.
** Theophylline levels must be monitored.
Differentials for patient with sore throat - ANSWER Strep pharyngitis
, NUNP 6541 Pediatric Final Exam-Walden
U 2022
Peritonsillar abscess
Viral pharyngitis
Infectious mononucleosis
Epiglottitis
small-for-gestational-age infants: which type of chromosomal analysis should be
included? - ANSWER Trisomy 18
Holt-Olram
Trisomy 13
Turner Syndrome
Trisomy 21
Prader-Willi Syndrome
heart defects associated with Down syndrome - ANSWER Atrioventricular Septal Defect
Ventricular Septal Defect
Persistant Ductus Arteriosus
Tetrology of Fallot
Contact sports with Down's Syndrome - ANSWER Do not recommend due to
atlantoaxial instability
Diagnosing Down Syndrome - ANSWER Usually identified at birth by the presence of
certain physical traits: low muscle tone, a single deep crease across the palm of the
hand, a slightly flattened facial profile and an upward slant to the eyes. Because these
features may be present in other babies, a chromosomal analysis called a karyotype is
done to confirm the diagnosis. To obtain a karyotype, doctors draw a blood sample to
examine the baby's cells. They photograph the chromosomes and then group them by
size, number, and shape. By examining the karyotype, doctors can diagnose. Another
genetic test called FISH can apply similar principles and confirm a diagnosis in a shorter
amount of time
Diagnosing Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome) - ANSWER A sample of the baby's dna is
extracted from a blood sample or other bodily cells or tissue and is cultured to examine
a picture of the chromosomes called a karyotype. In order to get this picture, the
chromosomes are isolated, stained, and examined under the microscope. Most often,
this is done using the chromosomes in the white blood cells. A picture of the
chromosomes is taken through the microscope. A visible extra 18th chromosome
confirms a Trisomy 18 diagnosis
Diagnosing Holt-Oram Syndrome - ANSWER A diagnosis may be suspected when a
person is found to have changes in the way the bones of the wrist and other bones of
the upper limb are formed. The diagnosis can be confirmed if a person has specific
bone changes and a personal or family history of an atrial septal defect, ventricular
septal defect, or cardiac conduction disease. In order to establish the diagnosis, a
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