Impact of War on the parties and political developments AQA A level history
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Course
Depth Study (1G)
Institution
AQA
Analysis and detailed notes of impact of war on British politics as part of the AQA A level history Challenge and transformation specification.
• Which parties benefitted from the First World War and why?
• How and why did the Liberal Party decline?
• How successful was David Lloyd George...
Revision Notes: Britain booklet 8- Impact of War on the parties and political development in
1920s
Which parties benefitted from the First World War and why?
How and why did the Liberal Party decline?
How successful was David Lloyd George as Prime Minister
How much change did the First World War create in the political landscape? Including
Labour party devs
What impact did electoral reform have?
Wartime policies:
-1914 recruitment campaign- ¾ mil volunteers 1914- bc promise war “over by Christmas”
-DORA 1914- hugely increased gov’s powers- pass laws without parliamentary scrutiny-
striking forbidden, working day extended, limited pub opening times to limit absenteeism
from work- undermined freedom/ interference in leisure time
- Rents Restriction Act- froze rent at 1914 levels as they rocketed after demand for
workers=demand for housing. Bc of protests- 25,000 in glasgow
-1915-shell shortage + massive casualties à conscription
1916- Battle of Somme- casualty rate multiplies to 21000à Military service act- conscription
18-40 asquith pressured
WHY ASQUITH SUCKED:
o Slow at decision making- decisive leadership needed in times of crises “solid but
incapable of movement”- AJP Taylor
o Denies shortage of supplies until leader of BEF (British expeditionary force) leaked
reports to Times
o Pushover- forced from office 1916 and pressured into conscription despite
contradiction to liberal beliefs
o Heavily Blamed for casualties and tactics of suicidal frontal missions in newspapers
o Reluctant to mobilise economy like forcing women into factories
o Forced to form a coalition cabinet w Bonnar Law and labour
Party +ve impact/ ways they benefitted -ve impact Who benefitted
most
Liberal -party that won the war- reputation - war needs 3- cost POWER
-passes rep of ppls act but don’t gain them votes challenged/contradicted lib
since lack a base and out of touch. IDEAS cuz <control - causes
more SPLITS over war=
appear ineffective. Eg
censorship, conscription vs
Tories- so lib out of touch
w public mood
-no more irish pact or lib
lab- lose both ‘progressive
alliances’/safeguard. HR
, not passed
-coalition further weakens
party cuz lose top jobs and
<dependency
-independent libs did
badly-only 28 won in 1918
-local lib parties decline-
lack of clear guidance for
local officials
Conservative -continuation of the coalition: Much stronger
In asquith one, outnumbered by libs and Bonar than before
only had the minor job of colonial sec. stronger war so
in CG coalition and held top jobs incr power but benefitted
as early as Dec 1916 over 1/2 British MPs in 1918 most!
in HOC were conservatives so enough to form
their own government and didn't need the LG
coalition -figurehead.
-whole nation aligned with Tory ideals pro
conscription & public is too.
-clarity of identity post-war yrs: one nation tories
attracted w/c voters.
-rep of ppls act 1918: libs lose 80 irish supporters
but C’s continued support from 10 Northern irish
Mps
-decline of liberals
Labour -united the party gradually over focus on Party split over opposition 2
measures to prevent future wars to wars
-changing ideas abt role of gov: < state control
fitted w aims for redistributing wealth/power by
gov action eg Sugar commission to distribute
supplies fairly + manage the entire UK sugar beet
crop as nearly 100% from abroad until war. Also
state control over railways, mines, shipping
suggest L’s policies for nationalising industries
can work.
- brings T.U reps into gov-cuz need them for war
effort-eg Arthur Henderson and 2 labour MPs.
AH a member of 5-man war cabinet in DLG
collation and now 8 LP ministers- J.R Clynes seen
successful admin= <CREDIBILITY
- Labour dev new policies eg Clause IV widen
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