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NUR 265 EXAM 1 - QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NUR 265 Exam 1 What is nephrotic syndrome? Correct Answer: A condition of increased glomerular permeability that allows larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the urine and then be excreted. What are key features of nephrotic syndrome? Correct Answer: -*Massive proteinuria* -*H...

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  • July 11, 2022
  • 10
  • 2021/2022
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • nur 265 exam 1
  • nur 265
  • in nephrotic syndrome
  • nur 265 exam 1 questions and answers
  • what is nephrotic syndrome
  • what are key features of nephrotic syndrome
  • severe protein loss in the urine is greater

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NUR 265 Exam 1
What is nephrotic syndrome? Correct Answer: A condition of increased glomerular permeability that
allows larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the urine and then be excreted.

What are key features of nephrotic syndrome? Correct Answer: -*Massive proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function

In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater than what? Correct Answer: 3.5g in 24
hours

What is nephrotic syndrome treated with? Correct Answer: -immunosuppressant agents (if immunity
based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function)

Describe the "risk" stage for AKI Correct Answer: creatinine x 1.5 of normal, and GFR reduced by 25%

Describe the "injury" stage for AKI Correct Answer: creatinine x2 & GFR reduced by 50%

Describe the "failure" stage for AKI Correct Answer: creatinine x3 normal, & GFR reduced by 75% (Cant
fix)

Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples. Correct Answer: Decreased perfusion to kidneys.

-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss

Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples. Correct Answer: Tissue damage to the actual kidneys.

-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis

Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples. Correct Answer: Obstruction that occurs after the kidney.

, -Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones

How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)? Correct Answer: Systolic + (Diastolic*2) /3

What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys? Correct Answer: 65 mmHg

What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs? Correct Answer: -NSAIDS
-Metformin
-Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin)
-Contrast dye

During the diuretic phase of AKI, what needs to be monitored? Correct Answer: Watch for dehydration
and make sure output is greater than input

What are the dietary restrictions for an AKI patient? Correct Answer: -Low protein
-Low sodium
-Fluid restriction: 1000-1500mL day (for anything except perfusion problem)

What are the 2 most common causes of CKD? Correct Answer: -HTN
-Uncontrolled diabetes

What is azotemia? Correct Answer: Nitrogenous waste build up

What are manifestations of uremia? Correct Answer: •Metallic taste in mouth
•Anorexia
•Nausea/vomiting
•Muscle cramps
•Uremic frost on skin
•Itching
•Fatigue and lethargy
•Hiccups
•Edema
•Dyspnea
•Paresthesia's

What effects can CKD have on the cardiac system Correct Answer: -HTN
-Heart failure (major problem. Call the doctor)
-Pericarditis

What effects can CKD have on the Integumentary system Correct Answer: -Uremic frost

What are the dietary restrictions on CKD? Correct Answer: -Protein (restrict early in disease process to
preserve kidney function)
-Potassium

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