NBME CBSE TERMS AND EXPLANATIONS 2022 A+ MATERIAL
Bulbus cordis - Gives rise to Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right
ventricles
Endocardial cushion - Gives rise to atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum; AV and semilunar valves
Left horn of sinus venosus - g...
NBME CBSE TERMS AND EXPLANATIONS 2022 A+ MATERIAL
Bulbus cordis - Gives rise to Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right
ventricles
Endocardial cushion - Gives rise to atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum; AV and
semilunar valves
Left horn of sinus venosus - gives rise to coronary sinus
Posterior, subcardinal, and supracardinal veins - Gives rise to Inferior Vena cava
Primitive atrium - gives rise to trabeculated part of left and right atria
Primitive ventricle - Gives rise to trabeculated parts of LV and RV
Primitive pulmonary vein - Gives Rise to Smooth part of left atrium
Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein - Gives rise to Superior vena cava (SVC)
Right horn of sinus venosus - Gives rise to Smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)
Truncus arteriosus - Gives rise to ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
Heart - First functional organ in vertebrate embryos; beats spontaneously by week 4 of development.
Cardiac looping - Primary heart tube loops to establish left-right polarity; begins in week 4 of gestation
Defect in left-right Dynein - involved in L/R asymmetry can lead to Dextrocardia, as seen in Kartagener
syndrome(1°ciliary Dyskinesia).
Patent foramen ovale - caused by failure of septum primum and septum secundumto fuse after birth;
most are left untreated.
Can lead to paradoxical emboli (venous thromboemboli that enter systemic arterial circulation), similar
to those resulting from an ASD
Ventricular septal defect - most common congenital cardiac anomaly, usually occurs in membranous
septum.
Septation of atria (7 Steps) - 1. Septum primum grows toward endocardial cushions, narrowing
foramen primum.
2. Foramen secundum forms in septum primum (foramen primum disappears).
3. Septum secundum develops as foramen secundum maintains right-to-left shunt.
4. Septum secundum expands and covers most of the foramen secundum. The residual foramen is the
foramen ovale.
5. Remaining portion of septum primum forms
valve of foramen ovale.
6. (Not shown) Septum secundum and septum
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