Raf is a ______ protein kinase that resides at the head of the ______.
serine/threonine, MAP kinase cascade
If Raf is mutated so that it is "on" constitutively, what is the effect on the cell?
The cells lose growth control.
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which of the following is true of healthy...
raf is a protein kinase that resides at the head of the
if raf is mutated so that it is on constitutively
what is the effect on the cell
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Cancer
Raf is a ______ protein kinase that resides at the head of the ______. - Answer
serine/threonine, MAP kinase cascade
If Raf is mutated so that it is "on" constitutively, what is the effect on the cell? - Answer
The cells lose growth control.
which of the following is true of healthy G1 cells?
1. the p53 protein is found at very high levels
2. the probability of apoptosis in these cells is very high
3. the p53 protein is found at very low levels - Answer 3. the p53 protein is found at very
low levels
retinoblastoma is inherited as a ______. - Answer dominant genetic trait
______ is a rare childhood cancer of the eye's retina. - Answer retinoblastoma
oncogenes are _____. - Answer really eukaryotic cellular genes that were incorporated
into the viral genome during a previous infection.
what enzyme is responsible for maintaining the length of the DNA sequences on the
ends of chromosomes (telomeres)? - Answer telomerase
which cells generally lack the ability to divide? - Answer differentiated end products of a
tissue
which cells possess unlimited proliferation potential, have the capacity to produce more
of themselves and can give rise to all of the cells of the tissue? - Answer stem cells
another word for malignant transformation is _____. - Answer tumorigenesis
what types of genetic alterations might make humans more likely to develop a particular
type of cancer? - Answer germline mutations & somatic mutations
Why do tumor viruses transform normal cells into cancer cells? - Answer They carry
genes whose products interfere with the cell's normal growth-regulating activities.
What do all of the environmental agents that can cause cancer have in common? -
Answer they can all alter the genome
hypoxic conditions _____. - Answer cause cancer cells to activate a transcription factor
called Hif,
can cause cancer cells to induce the formation of new blood vessels,
can promote the migratory properties of cancer cells,
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