antimicrobial
drugs that work on many different organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths)
antibiotic
subcategory of antimicrobial that can kill or inhibit growth of bacteria
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bacteriostatic
slow or inhibit the growth of bacteria
bactericidal
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NUR 431 exam 1
antimicrobial - Answer drugs that work on many different organisms (bacteria, viruses,
fungi, protozoa, helminths)
antibiotic - Answer subcategory of antimicrobial that can kill or inhibit growth of bacteria
bacteriostatic - Answer slow or inhibit the growth of bacteria
bactericidal - Answer kill bacteria
super infection - Answer infection that occurs because of or during treatment of primary
infection, different microbe or resistant microbe
prophylactic antibiotic use - Answer surgical procedures: orthopedic, cardiac, abd
dental procedures in pts high risk for endocarditis: prosthetic valve, hip, knee
replacement
immunocompromised: neutropenia- HIV, chemo, immunosuppression
opportunistic infection - Answer organism takes advantage of opportunity that isnt
normally there
weakened immune system, altered microbiome, breached integumentary system
organisms cause no infection in healthy host
injury - Answer short period of vasoconstriction: helps to stop bleeding, prevents
movement of invading organisms
prolonged vasodilation: increased blood flow, brings immune cells, contributes to
inflammation
purulent - Answer pus, increased debris from cells and tissues
hemmorhagic - Answer frank blood
transudative pleural effusion - Answer occurs due to increased hydrostatic pressure or
low plasma oncotic pressure
CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, PE, hypoalbuminemia
low in protein and ldh
, exudative pleural effusion - Answer occurs due to inflammation and increased capillary
permeability
pneumonia, cancer, TB, viral infection, PE, autoimmune
high in protein and ldh
systemic process - Answer total body response
simulation of hypothalamic fever set point
interleukins and tumor necrosis factor
nosocomial infection - Answer infections that occur within healthcare facilities
increased virulence of organisms
incresed temp=increased metabolic rate (not good for cardiac pts)
antimicrobial considerations - Answer -community vs hospital acquired
-site of infection
-suspected organisms
-culture
-allergies
-age
-renal and liver function
get cultures before abx EXCEPT - Answer meningitis, severe sepsis
trough levels - Answer specific time schedule to give antimicrobial
peak levels - Answer specific concentration to achieve
C.diff - Answer normal intestinal flora killed by antimicrobials
diarrhea: orange, watery, couple of days to months, abd cramping and tenderness
stool PCR, culture takes too long
C.diff precautions - Answer wash hands soap and water
po/iv metronidazole, po vanc
never give antidiarrheals
Pseudomembranous colitis - Answer if antidiarrheals given with c.diff
dilation of colon which may need decompression
candidiasis - Answer antimicrobial agents kill normal flora, overgrowth of fungus
mucous membranes (oral, vaginal), skin
mycostatin: swish in mouth, vag suppositories melt in warm environment
nystatin: powder or ointment
b-lactamase mediated resistance - Answer cleave b-lactam ring
can compromise any antibiotic that contains a b-lactam ring (except aztreonam)
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