Who is at higher risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalance?
Elderly and infants
What are the four Cations and what is their charge?
Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg)
*Positively Charged*
00:17
01:08
What are the three Anions and what is their charge?
Bi...
who is at higher risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalance
Written for
Med-Surg
All documents for this subject (3360)
Seller
Follow
EvaTee
Reviews received
Content preview
Med-Surg Exam #1
Who is at higher risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalance? - Answer Elderly and infants
What are the four Cations and what is their charge? - Answer Sodium (Na), Potassium
(K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg)
**Positively Charged**
What are the three Anions and what is their charge? - Answer Bicarbonate (HCO3), Cl
(Chlorine), PO4 (Phosphate)
**Negatively Charged**
1. What is the prevalent cation in the ICF?
2. What is the prevalent anion in the ICF? - Answer 1. K+ (Potassium)
2. PO4- (Phosphate)
1. What is the prevalent cation in the ECF?
2. What is the prevalent anion in the ECF? - Answer 1. Na+ (Sodium)
2. Cl- (Chloride)
What is Diffusion? - Answer Movement of molecules from high to low concentration,
requiring no energy
What is Facilitated Diffusion? - Answer Movement of molecules from high to low
concentration using specific carrier molecules to accelerate the diffusion
(Ex: in glucose transport, insulin is the carrier)
What is Active Transport? - Answer Process in which molecules move against the
concentration gradient and external energy is required.
(Ex: Sodium-potassium pump)
What is Osmosis? - Answer Movement of water from an area of low solute to an area of
high solute concentration
What is Osmotic Pressure? - Answer Amount of pressure required to stop osmotic flow
of water; determined by the concentration of solutes in the solution.
What is the normal plasma osmolality? - Answer 275-295 mOsm/kg
What does a plasma osmolality greater than 295mOsm/kg indicate? - Answer WATER
DEFICIT; increased solute concentration or decreased water content
What does a plasma osmolality less than 275mOsm/kg indicate? - Answer WATER
EXCESS; decreased solute concentration or increased water content for the amount of
solute
, What is the normal urine osmolality and what does it depend on? - Answer 100-
1300mOsm/kg; depends on the amount of ADH in circulation and renal response to the
ADH
What is hydrostatic pressure? - Answer The force that pushes water out of the
capillaries
What is oncotic pressure and what is the norm? - Answer The ability of proteins to
attract water; leading fluid from tissue space to vascular space (water follows protein);
25 mmHg
What causes an elevation of venous hydrostatic pressure? - Answer fluid overload,
heart failure, liver failure, obstruction of venous return to the heart, and venous
insufficiency (varicose veins)
What causes a decrease in plasma oncotic pressure? - Answer Decrease in plasma
protein (as in renal disorders), deficient protein intake or synthesis
What causes an elevation of interstitial oncotic pressure? - Answer trauma, burns, and
inflammation which damage capillary walls and allows plasma proteins to accumulate in
the interstitial space
What causes a decreased removal of interstitial fluid? - Answer lymphatic outflow
obstruction
What is the action of Natriuretic Peptides? - Answer Decrease blood volume and
pressure by increasing fluid release (suppress secretion of ADH, aldosterone, and
renin)
What are the norms for daily fluid intake and output? - Answer 2000-3000mL
ECF volume deficit (hypovolemia)? - Answer Abnormal loss of normal body fluids
(diarrhea, fistula drainage, hemorrhage), inadequate intake, or plasma-to-interstitial fluid
shift
ECF volume excess (hypervolemia)? - Answer Excessive intake of fluids, abnormal
retention of fluids (CHF), or interstitial-to-plasma fluid shift
What symptoms do hypovolemia and hypervolemia have in common? - Answer CNS
symptoms
What should you irrigate an NG tube with? - Answer Isotonic saline solution to prevent
loss of electrolytes
When would you use hypotonic IV fluids? - Answer for maintenance fluids
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller EvaTee. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
