PowerPoint summarizing the pages 576b-592b of The Republic by Plato. The ISBN of the book is 3135 . The presentation was thought for IB students taking Philosophy (from May 2022 student that scored 7 in HL Philosophy) but can be used to study or revise this specific part of the Republic. Approved...
Intro to Philosophy Class 1-12 notes (PHIL1301) Plato's The Republic, ISBN: 9780857083135
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JUSTICE IS BETTER THAN
INJUSTICE
Last section of the Republic
Pages: 576b-592b
, HAPPINESS OF DIFFERENT CITIES
• Each of the 5 different types of souls described previously
resemble to their associated governments in terms of happiness
• The tyrannic soul and aristocratic one, are at the two complete
opposites in terms of happiness and goodness just like the two
governments: tyranny and aristocracy (the ideal city described by
Socrates). Aristocracy is the best while tyranny is the worst.
• The happiness of these two types is measured in terms of the
happiness of the whole city and not of just one individual.
• The unhappiest city will be the one ruled by a tyrant while the
happiest one will be the one ruled by a king or a group of kings.
, HAPPINESS IN THE TYRANNY
• The city ruled by a tyrant is by nature enslaved, men cannot be happy
to be enslaved and are therefore unhappy.
• Since the state of single men reflects on the whole city, this means that
the city will be unhappy.
• Socrates claims that in the tyrannic soul the best part of the sould is
enslaved while the two other parts rule, this point will be explained
further after with an analogy. He then claims that the soul is enslaved
as well.
• The city ruled by a tyrant is the one where people are less able to do
what they want to do. The soul of people living in this kind of
government will be always impoverished, insatiable and full of fear.
, TYRANNIC MAN
• The unhappiest man on Earth is the tyrannical man to whom has been
given the chance to rule over a city becoming a tyrant.
• The tyrant is unheppy because he chose tp loose the master over himself
in order to rule others. He cannot leave the city and go abroad, he lives
locked in his house since he live in the fear the population will do a
revolution against him.
• This makes the tyrant a slave of himself, since he is not able to satisfy his
desires. The tyrant’s soul will result envious, distrustful, unjust, frienless,
impious and host and nurse of all manner of evil.
• Thi will also be reflected in the city he rules over, making the city also
enslaved and unhappy.
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