I used this lecture guide to study hepatitis, the different types of the disease, its respective causative agents, and how to distinguish each kind. This is an in-depth class/study notes from an excellent professor on immunology and serology. This material tackles hepatitis and all the important de...
TYPES OF HEPATITS
HEPATITIS A
“Infectious hepatitis”
“Epidemic hepatitis” *
HAV
*Because this infection can really cause outbreak of certain number of cases in that area bc it is highly
infectious.
✓ PicoRNAvirus
I want you all to remember that Hepatitis A is caused by picornavirus, particularly Hepatovirus. And
since this one is a virus so it can cause an infection, therefore expect that the patient would have:
✓ Inflammation of the liver
✓ Low grade fever
✓ Nausea and vomiting
✓ Jaundice
✓ Self-limiting
✓ Low mortality because it will not progress to chronic state.
I want you all to take a look at the virus in the picture. The green one
(center) is actually the single stranded RNA of the picornavirus or
hepatovirus. And you have learned from the HIV chapter that there
are 3 parts of the virus: 1) Nucleic acid, 2) Capsid, and 3) Envelope.
The yellow-colored structure that is directly covering the ssRNA is the capsid. And you cannot see any
envelop because I told you that this Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E viruses are both naked.
One more thing, can you appreciate the shape of the capsid? It is somehow hexagonal and this is
referred to as icosahedral. If you are going to be asked in the exam: describe Hepa A, you can say
naked, single stranded RNA with icosahedral capsid.
Classification + sense RNA viruses
Family Genus Species
Picornaviridae Enteroviruses Poliovirus,Enterovirus,Coxsackie,Echovirus
Hepatoviruses Hepatitis A
Rhinovirus Human Rhinovirus
Cardiovirus Encephalo-myocarditis virus
Aphtovirus Hand, foot, and mouth virus O
Parechovirus Human parechovirus
Erbovirus Equine rhinitis B virus
Kobuvirus Aichivirus
Teschovirus Porcine teschovirus
This is the family of viruses that belong to the Picornaviridae, and I want you all to take note that one
of the members is actually Hepatovirus which is the one causing Hepatitis A.
The incubation period of hepatitis A is approximately 28 days (range 15-50 days)
Stable in acidic pH but killed by heat, formalin and chlorine*
MOT: Fecal-oral route
o Sexual contact
o Contaminated food and water
o Eating Shellfishes
o Overcrowding & poor sanitation
o Infected food handlers are common vectors
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