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HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
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HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
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7 CHAPTER SEVENHYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
7.1 Introduction
Water is the cheapest source of power. Hydro-electric power is that unit of power that is
harvested from water flowing under pressure. The water collected from catchment area is stored
in the reservoir. Penstock or canals are used to bring water from the dam to the turbines fitted in
the power house which is built at some lower level. In the turbine, the potential energy of water
is converted to mechanical energy and this in turn is used to run the electric generator and
produce electricity.
Hydro power is a conventional renewable source of energy which is clean, free from pollution
and generally has a good environmental effect.
7.2 Mini and Micro Hydro Power Plants
Micro hydro power plants (up to 100 kW capacity), mini hydro power plant (up to 1MW) and
small hydro plants (up to 10-51 MW) can be successfully be used for electrification of isolated
rural areas where the transmission system cannot easily reach.
The power from min-hydro power plants and micro-hydro power plant will be attractive as the
energy generated can be consumed near the source itself without a big network of sub
transmission system. They are therefore extremely valuable and economical renewable energy
source to meet the decentralized rural need of a country. The potential in small hydro-electric
projects in various countries ranges from 5 to 15% of the total hydro potential of that country.
7.3 Power output of water turbines
The important parameters for any hydro power plant are; discharge, head efficiency, speed and
power output.
Power, P = Q x H x g x
With Q -water discharge rate m3/s, H -net height in m, g -9.82 m/s2 and -kg/m3
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