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Summary (Complete Study guide_2022) American Politics and the US Constitution - C963 WGU
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Summary (Complete Study guide_2022) American Politics and the US Constitution - C963 WGU
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Summary (Complete Study guide_2022) American Politicsand the US Constitution - C963 WGU
natrual rights Correct Answer: Life, Liberty, and Property
John Locke Correct Answer: 17th century English philosopher who opposed the
Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life,
liberty, and property.
State of Nature Correct Answer: Hypothetical condition assumed to exist in the
absence of government where human beings live in "complete" freedom and
general equality.
Due Process Correct Answer: involves the government's obligation to treat all
citizens fairly. Such a requirement lessens the extent to which government power
can be exercised over the individual, making the power differential between the
two more fair, and ensuring a general sense of political equality
Social Contract Correct Answer: A voluntary agreement among individuals to
secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules.
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) Correct Answer: One of the first individuals to
contribute to the idea of the social contract was a pre-Enlightenment English
philosopher
Leviathan (1651): Thomas Hobbes Correct Answer: Hobbes argues that society is
not something natural and immutable, but rather it is something created by us.
Labor Movement Correct Answer: the formation of labor unions, during the
1880's, for the workers to receive better treatment by
Constitution Correct Answer: A document which spells out the principles by
which a government runs and the fundamental laws that govern a society
Bill of Rights Correct Answer: The first ten amendments to the Constitution
Declaration of Independence Correct Answer: the document recording the
proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the
independence of the colonies from Great Britain
,Thomas Jefferson Correct Answer: Wrote the Declaration of Independence
Shays's Rebellion (1786-1787) Correct Answer: which almost resulted in potential
mob rule, suggested there might be too much democracy at play, and that maybe
individual liberty was going too far
Articles of Confederation Correct Answer: A weak constitution that governed
America during the Revolutionary War.
Federalist no. 51 Correct Answer: Argues that separation of powers within the
national government is the best way to prevent the concentration of power in the
hands of one person or a single group.
First Amendment Correct Answer: Congress shall make no law respecting an
establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the
freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to
assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
Second Amendment Correct Answer: Right to keep and bear arms
Third Amendment Correct Answer: The government may not house soldiers in
private homes without consent of the owner
Forth Amendment Correct Answer: It protects people against unfair searches of
their homes; search and seizure.
Fifth Amendment Correct Answer: A constitutional amendment designed to
protect the rights of persons accused of crimes, including protection against double
jeopardy, self-incrimination, and punishment without due process of law.
Sixth Amendment Correct Answer: Right to a speedy and public trial
Seventh Amendment Correct Answer: Right to a trial by jury in civil cases
Eighth Amendment Correct Answer: No cruel and unusual punishment
Nineth Amendment Correct Answer: peoples rights are not just limited to those
listed in the Constitution and Bill of Rights
,Tenth Amendment Correct Answer: Amendment stating that the powers not
delegated to the federal gov. are reserved to the states
bicameral legislature Correct Answer: A law making body made of two houses (bi
means 2). Example: Congress (our legislature) is made of two house - The House
of Representatives and The Senate.
House of Representatives Correct Answer: the lower house of Congress,
consisting of a different number of representatives from each state, depending on
population
New Jersey Plan Correct Answer: Proposal to create a weak national government
Virginia Plan Correct Answer: Proposal to create a strong national government
Constitutional Convention Correct Answer: Meeting in 1787 of the elected
representatives of the thirteen original states to write the Constitution of the United
States.
unicameral legislature Correct Answer: One-house legislature
Three-Fifths Compromise Correct Answer: Agreement that each slave counted as
three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House for
representation and taxation purposes (negated by the 13th amendment)
Checks and Balances Correct Answer: A system that allows each branch of
government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of
power
Separation of Powers Correct Answer: Constitutional division of powers among
the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with the legislative branch making
law, the executive applying and enforcing the law, and the judiciary interpreting
the law
federal system Correct Answer: A government that divides the powers of
government between the national government and state or provincial governments
enumerated powers Correct Answer: The powers explicitly given to Congress in
the Constitution.
, reserved powers Correct Answer: Powers given to the state government alone
Federalists Correct Answer: Supporters of the Constitution that were led by
Alexander Hamilton and John Adams. They firmly believed the national
government should be strong. They didn't want the Bill of Rights because they felt
citizens' rights were already well protected by the Constitution.
Anti-Federalists Correct Answer: Opponents of the American Constitution at the
time when the states were contemplating its adoption.
Ratification Correct Answer: Formal approval, final consent to the effectiveness
of a constitution, constitutional amendment, or treaty
Republic Correct Answer: A form of government in which citizens choose their
leaders by voting
Habeas Corpus Correct Answer: Constitutional protection against unlawful
imprisonment
Federalist Papers Correct Answer: A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander
Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name "Publius" to defend the
Constitution in detail.
Federalist No. 10 Correct Answer: An essay composed by James Madison which
argues that liberty is safest in a large republic because many interests (factions)
exist. Such diversity makes tyranny by the majority more difficult since ruling
coalitions will always be unstable.
Legislative Branch (Congress) Correct Answer: makes laws, imposes taxes, and
declares war
Judicial Branch (Supreme Court) Correct Answer: interprets the constitution and
other laws, reviews lower-court decisions
Executive Branch (President) Correct Answer: has the power to enforce the law
Executive Orders Correct Answer: Formal orders issued by the president to direct
action by the federal bureaucracy.
checks on the executive branch Correct Answer: By Congress
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