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Summary Changing spaces making places flashcards
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CHANGING SPACES, MAKING PLACES (Paper 2 - Human InteractioRevision 1
Revision 2
Revision 3
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How to use this checklist: When preparing for an exam it is important to revise each topic several times with a gap of several days between each session to
help develop your long term memory. You can use the columns on the right to keep track of this.
Warning: This checklist is the minimum knowledge that is required to do well in this examination. In addition, you must be able to demonstrate skills of
observation, explanation and evaluation, and in order to achieve the highest marks you will need to extend your understanding of each aspect of the topic.
Name
CASE STUDY = MOLENBEEK vs. ALEPPO (two contrasting place profiles at a local scale)
Their demographic, socio-economic, cultural, political, built and natural characteristics that shape its place identity • Describe and e
Their past and present connections that shape the place identity and embed them in regional, national, international and global scales • Assess the ext
How shifting flows of people, resources, money & investment and ideas have helped shape the demographic, socio-economic & cultural profile of places identity. (16)
How do we understand place?
The complexities that exist when trying to define place, including the concept of space vs place • Explain how/w
How and why people perceive places in different ways based on their identity, including age, gender, sexuality, religion and role • Explain how …
• Explain how/w
How level of emotional attachment to place can influence people’s behaviour and activities in a place
• ‘People see, ex
How the processes of globalisation and time-space compression can influence our sense of place agree with this
How informal representations of a place differ through contrasting media such as TV, film, music, art, photography, literature, graffiti and blogs • ‘Informal repre
Identify how formal and statistical representations of a place, such as census and geospatial data, contrasts with informal representations representation
How does economic change influence patterns of social inequality in places? (part 1)
The concept of social inequality & how this can be measured through indices such as housing, healthcare, education, employment & access to services
• Explain why pa
How and why spatial patterns of social inequalities vary both within and between places
CASE STUDY = BLACKHEATH vs. DEPTFORD (social inequality impacts people and places in different ways)
The types of evidence of social inequality that can be found there such as housing, environmental quality, crime rates, digital divide
The range of factors that influence people’s social inequality such as income, gender, age, health, personal mobility, ethnicity and education • Explain how so
How social inequality impacts upon people’s daily lives in different ways
How does economic change influence patterns of social inequality in places? (part 2)
The influence of globalisation in driving structural economic change in places, such as de-industrialisation and the rise of the service industry
• Explain how …
How structural economic change impacts patterns of social opportunities and inequality for people and places
• Evaluate the e
How cyclical economic change (booms and recessions) has varied impacts on social opportunities and inequality and inequalitie
The role of government in reducing, reinforcing and creating patterns of social inequality in places through spending or cuts in key services
CASE STUDY = SOUTH WALES (one country or region that has been impacted by structural economic change)
The socio-economic, demographic, cultural and environmental characteristics of South Wales before the economic change • Explain the ch
The economic changes that took place and the role of players involved in driving the change in South Wales, including governments, MNCs & institutions • With reference
The socio-economic, demographic, cultural and environmental impacts on people and place in South Wales (16)
How are places created through placemaking processes?
, CASE STUDY - Molenbeek is a multi-faceted place, shaped by shifting flows and connecti
The place identify of Molenbeek is SHAPED by the following CHARACTERISTICS How SHIFTING FLOWS have helped shaped the DEMOGR
How these characteristics have helped shape the place identity of Molenbeek How these shifting flows have h
2
Demographic
In 2015 the population of Molenbeek was 95,576 living in an area of 5.9 km , giving a population Shifting flows of PEOPLE - especially young Mus
Flow of
density of 16,000 people per km2. This is twice the average of Brussels = sense of overcrowding?
People
profile of Molenbeek. This is evident in the Sun
The population of Molenbeek has been described by the tabloid press as “mainly Muslim”. However, different food stuffs, literature and clothing.
actual figures range between 25% and 40% depending on the catchment area.
Resources
Shifting flows of RESOURCES have helped shape
Flows of
Youth unemployment rates in Molenbeek are amongst the highest in Brussels e.g. for people aged 15 barley and wheat from the surrounding villages
economic
to 29, Molenbeek has a unemployment rate of 30% (the average for Brussels is 19%).
Socio-
beer, this helping the place to retain its industri
Levels of educational attainment are lower in Molenbeek than the rest of Brussels e.g. only 20% of
adults in Molenbeek have a university degree, compared with 35% for the whole of Brussels. Shifting flows of MONEY and INVESTMENT hav
Flows of
Money
the EU have invested 2,750,000 euros revitalisin
The majority of residents of Brussels are immigrants e.g. 70% were born outside of Belgium. In local economy by part-funding the redevelopme
Cultural
Molenbeek, a street market has opened to cater in part for the sizeable migrant community.
Molenbeek two distinct parts: the lower part is more working-class and peopled mainly migrant Shifting flows of IDEAS have helped shape the C
Flows of
IDEAS
communities. The higher part is more modern, more residential, more open space & greener. Islamic State and the promise of martyrdom has
recruits. In addition, unemployment among you
Following the 2012 Belgian local elections, the Reformist Movement, a centre-right liberal party, now
Political
govern Molenbeek. The party is pro-European and Conservative in its ideology.
Molenbeek has become synonymous with terrorism - at least 3 of the terrorists in the 2015 Paris
attacks were men who grew up and lived in Molenbeek and where the attack was masterminded.
To the east of the Brussels-Charleroi Canal, the built environment of Molenbeek is dominated by high
environment
-density housing and factories, a legacy of its industrial revolution from the late 18th century.
Built
Where Molenbeek was once a centre of intense industrial activity, concentrated around the canal &
railway, most of those industries have disappeared to make way for large-scale urban renewal.
There is relatively little open space in Molenbeek, largely due to its industrial past. 19% of the whole
environment
Natural
city of Brussels is green public space, however this figure is just 8% (50 hectares) in Molenbeek.
The largest green spaces in Molenbeek are Scheutbos Park, a nature park of 6 hectares and the semi-
natural site of Scheutbos, a protected area of 44 hectares - both of which are in the west. Location of Brussels
How PAST and PRESENT connections have SHAPED Molenbeek and EMBEDDED it in REGIONAL, NATIONAL and GLOBAL scales
, CASE STUDY - Aleppo is a multi-faceted place, shaped by shifting flows and connection
The place identify of Aleppo is SHAPED by the following CHARACTERISTICS How SHIFTING FLOWS have helped shaped the DEMOGR
How these characteristics have helped shape the place identity of Aleppo How these shifting flows have
Demographic
Before the conflict, the population of Aleppo was 2,132,200 as indicated by the official 2004 census. Shifting flows of PEOPLE have helped shape the
Flow of
People
That figure for the eastern half of the city is thought to have plummeted to 40,000 (opposition control). from Iran, Iraq and Lebanon have crossed the b
Aleppo remains a very youthful city: 37% of the population structure in 2009 were under the age of 15 Alawite Muslim) which has added tension betw
years old, whilst 59% were aged between 15-64 years old. Only 4% of the population were 65+.
Resources
Shifting flows of RESOURCES have helped shape
Flows of
Aleppo was an important industrial and commercial centre for export and import: more than 50% of Aleppo’s location at one end of the Silk Road me
economic
Syria’s total manufacturing employment is found in Aleppo e.g. textiles, chemicals, engineering, etc.
Socio-
to the West (Europe), adding to its place profile
Before the conflict, unemployment in Aleppo was 4.9%, compared to the national average of 8.6%.
By 2011 (the start of the conflict), unemployment had risen to 7.6% in Aleppo (14.9% in Syria). Shifting flows of MONEY and INVESTMENT has
Flows of
Money
example, the recent conflict has restricted inves
More than 80% of Aleppo’s inhabitants are Sunni Muslims. Christian population of 250,000 accounts investment had been made in Aleppo’s infrastru
Cultural
for about 12% of Aleppo. The city was home to a significant Jewish population from ancient times.
Places of worship include: the Great Mosque of Aleppo (c. 715), Church of St. Simeon (c. 475) and the Shifting flows of IDEAS has helped shape the CU
Flows of
IDEAS
Central Synagogue of Aleppo (c. 834). considered a place of ideas, multiculturalism an
tantamount to ethnic cleansing, which has dete
When the Arab Spring uprising (March 2011) escalated into a full-blown civil war, Aleppo became a key
Political
battleground (July 2012): eastern half = opposition forces vs. western half = government controlled.
The fall of Aleppo in December 2016 means that government now controls Syria’s 4 biggest cities. US Location
officials said in early December 2016 that there were 50,000 “moderate” rebels in western rural Aleppo. of Alepp
The Old City is surrounded by a 5km wall. The most significant historic building of the ancient city is the
environment
Citadel, a large fortress built atop a huge, partially artificial mound rising 50m above the city.
Built
Until the battle in July 2012, Aleppo was known for its vibrant nightlife. The shelling and bombing have
damaged many buildings including the Shahba Mall, one of the largest shopping centres in Syria.
Open green space is fairly limited in Aleppo, largely due to the climate (338mm of total rainfall), but also
environment
Natural
now due to the civil war. The Aleppo Public Park is one of the largest planted parks in Syria = 17ha.
Al-Snoubari Park is an 11ha urban park located in Aleppo. The park was opened in November 2011 Cita
with a total cost of US$ 6.5 million. Ol
How PAST and PRESENT connections have SHAPED Aleppo and EMBEDDED it in REGIONAL, NATIONAL and GLOBAL scales
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