Exam (elaborations)
ATI TEAS 7 Biology Review
- Course
- ACADEMIC NURS 407
- Institution
- Walden University
ATI TEAS 7 Biology Review/ATI TEAS 7 Biology Review/ATI TEAS 7 Biology Review/ATI TEAS 7 Biology Review
[Show more]
Content preview
ATI TEAS 7 Biology Review. Macromolecules : Carbohydrate, Lipid, Nucleic Acid, Protein, Enzyme Carbohydrate : Sugars and starches which body breaks down to glucose ● Structural function: cellulose and chitin ● Energy storage: amylose, amylopectin, glycogen ● Recognition molecules: glycoproteins and glycolipids Lipids : Fatty acids and their derivatives that are soluble in water ● H and C and main components ● Fats ● Hydrophobic - thus help separate aqueous compartments ● Store energy (fats , oils, adipose) Protein : Molecules composed of amino acids joined by peptide bonds ● Monomer: amino acids (amino group + carboxylic acid)(20 types) ● Keratin and Collagen (hydrophobic) - not soluble in water, found in structural protein ● Globular proteins are hydrophilic (hemoglobin, antibodies, enzymes) ● Function as transport carries or signal transfer Nucleic Acids : Long molecules made of nucleotides; DNA and RNA ● DNA stores genetic material ● Chromosomes ● RNA is a messenger (mRNA) also rRNA and tRNA Enzymes : Class of protein that catalyze biochemical reactions ● Not consumed in reaction ● Speed up reaction by lowering activation energy ● Exergonic: release energy ● Endergonic: require energy ● Energy is supplied and released as ATP ● Lock and Key (substrate must fit into enzymes active site) DNA and RNA DNA: macromolecule that contains coded instructions for the body to produce proteins ● Nucleotide: the building block of DNA and RNA ● Nitrogenous Base: Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine ● Purines: Adenine an d Guanine ● Pyrimidines: Thymine and Cytosine ● Codon: A group of 3 nitrogenous bases used to synthesize amino acids (Synthesized from RNA during TRANSLATION) ● Hydrogen Bonds: Connect a Purine to a Pyrimidine (A -T) and (C -G). Non -covalent, weak. o RNA: Uracil replaces Thymine ● Double Helix structure ● Coded or read 5'→3' ● Sugar(pentose) -Phosphate backbone (deoxyribose and phosphate group - bound to 4 oxygen atoms) DNA Replication DNA Helicase : Unzips and Unwinds DNA strand DNA Primase : Generates RNA Primer. A ct as a template for starting point of DNA Replication DNA Polymerase : Synthesize new DNA molecules by adding nucleotides to leading and lagging DNA strands in 5'→3' direction Topoisomerase : Prevents supercoiling DNA Ligase : Joins DNA fragments together by forming phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides Okazaki Fragment : Short, newly synthesized DNA fragments that are formed on the lagging strand Single Strand Binding Protein : Stabilize structure during replication Leading Strand : Replicated con tinuously in the 3' to 5' direction Lagging Strand : Replicated discontinuously in short sections ● Mitosis = “daughter cell” exact replica o Interphase (G 1, S, G2) o Prophase o Metaphase o Anaphase o Telophase o Cytokinesis Cell Cycle ● Meiosis = “daughter cells” different genetic coding o Only happens in gametes* o 1st phase ● chromosomes cross over ● genetic material exchanged ● tetrads of 4 chromatids formed □ Homologous pairs of chromatids are separated and go to different poles □2 cells go through 2nd cell division □ 4 daughter cells with different sets of chromosomes ● Haploid : contains half genetic material of parent cell ● Zygote - controls cell differentiation Tissues ¾ groups of cells ¾ Muscle, nerve, epithelial, connective 1. Epithelial : (joined together tightly) ex. Skin 2. Connective : (dense, loose, or fatty) ex. Bone tissue, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, fat, blood, lymph □Protects & binds body parts a. Cartilage : cushions & provides structural support i. Fibrous b. Blood : transports oxygen to cells & removes waste / ALSO carries hormones &The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller IStudies. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $14.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67866 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now