CNS Pathology QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Cerebellar cortex with Purkinje cells and granular neurons Correct answer
"red dead" neurons- acute ischemic necrosis Correct answer
Central chromatolysis Correct answerDegenerative changes to cell body proximal to axotomy;NIssl substance is d...
Central chromatolysis Correct answerDegenerative changes to cell body proximal
to axotomy;NIssl substance is dispersed or lysed because of disruption in axonal
transport
Control left of pic
Lewy body inclusion Correct answeroften a-synuclein in Parkinson's disease
Neurofibrillary tangle Correct answeroften made of Tau in Alzheimer's disease
Cowdry A inclusions Correct answerIntranuclear inclusions shown in cells infected
w/ HSV (would show up on Tzanck smear)
Lipofuscin Correct answernormal accumulation of yellow pigments in neuronal
cytoplasm with age
Protoplasmic astrocytes Correct answerfound in gray matter, few thin processes
Fibrous astrocytes Correct answerfound in white matter, coarse processes
Gemistocytic astrocytes Correct answerstuffed with GFAP protein, may be
associated with an astrocytoma
Rosenthal fibers Correct answereosinophilic collections of GFAP in astrocytic
processes (abundant in Alexander disease and pilocytic astrocytoma)
Corpora amylacea Correct answercarbohydrate material in astrocytes that
accumulate with age; normal/non pathological
,Alzheimer type 2 astroctyosis Correct answera response to elevated ammonia;
increased synthesis of glutamine synthetase in astrocytes so there is no discernible
cytoplasm; has nothing to do with Alzheimers; usually assoc with cirrhosis
Normal oligodendrocytes in white matter Correct answer
PML (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy) Correct answerdestructive
multifocal disease of oligodendrocytes, caused by the JC virus
"moth eaten" gross appearance of white matter degeneration, enlarged 'ground
glass' oligodendrocyte nuclei and atypical astrocytes
MSA (multiple system atrophy) Correct answersee a-synuclein oligodendroglial
inclusions
Degenerative disorder
Parkinsonian or Cerebellar types
Can effect autonomic systems
Granular ependymitis Correct answerdescription of gross morphological
appearance of damaged ependyma.
Damage to ependymal cells leads to sloughing off, leads to proliferation of
subependymal glia
Transtentorial (uncal) herniation Correct answerdisplacement of the temporal lobe,
presses on CN III and parasympathetic fibers
-> ipsilateral pupil dilation
->contralateral weakness
-> Duret hemorrhage in midbrain/pons
Brain herniation Correct answer
Cytotoxic edema Correct answercell membranes and Na/K pump fail leading to
increases intracellular sodium and water; more prominent in grey matter
, Vasogenic edema Correct answerfluid leaks into the brain through an incompetent
BBB from the vascular compartment into the extracellular space within the brain;
more prominent in white matter
Defects in neuronal migration Correct answeroccur in 2nd trimester, 3-5 months
gestation
cause lissencephlay, agyria, pachygyria, polymicrogyria, heterotopia
Agenesis of corpus callosum Correct answersee vertical rotation of lateral
ventricles
Occipital encephalocele Correct answerfailure of mesoderm only, posterior part of
brain herniates into a sac
Not a neural tube defect
Radial glia Correct answerserve as scaffolding for migrating neuroblasts in the
second trimester, facilitate columnar organization of cerebral cortex, eventually
become astrocytes
Bergmann astrocytes Correct answerradial glia in cerebellar cortex that persist into
adulthood
Arnold-Chiari malformation Correct answercerebellar vermis herniation associated
with myelomeningocele
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