AQA Biology Paper 1
constipation (con-stip-ay-shun) - When the intestines get blocked up.
fibre (feye-ber) - Substance found in food which cannot be used by the body. It helps to keep our
intestines clean.
nutrition information (new-trish-un) - Information label found on a food packet to tell you what is in the
food.
nutrients (new-tree-ents) - Substances needed in the diet to provide raw materials.
raw materials - Substances used to make other substances out of.
solvent - A liquid that can dissolve other substances to form solutions.
solute - the minor (or smaller part) of a solution, this is generally the name given for the thing that has
been dissolved.
starch - Type of insoluble carbohydrate found in plants.
water - A compound made of hydrogen and oxygen which the body uses as a solvent.
balanced diet - Eating a wide variety of foods to give us all the things that we need.
carbohydrate (car-bO-high-drate) - Substance found in food that is used for energy.
chemical energy - Energy stored in chemicals like food.
fat - Substance found in food that is stored to be used for energy in the future. It also helps to keep heat
in our bodies and to make the membranes of cells.
,AQA Biology Paper 1
heart disease - Disease caused by narrowing of the arteries carrying the blood to the muscles of the
heart so the heart muscles do not receive enough oxygen.
kilojoule (kJ) (kill-O-jool) - Unit of energy used on food packets. There are 1000 J in 1 kJ.
mineral - Properly called a 'mineral salt' and found in food. Needed in small quantities for health (e.g.
calcium).
protein - Substance found in food that is used for growth and repair and made of chains of chemicals
called amino acids.
starch - Type of insoluble carbohydrate found in plants.
sugar - Type of soluble carbohydrate. Glucose is an example of a sugar.
vitamin - Substance found in food that is needed in small quantities for health (e.g. vitamin C).
absorbed - When soluble substances go through the wall of the small intestine into the blood.
anus - The opening at the end of the gut.
appendix - Small tube branching off the large intestine. It has no function in humans.
contract - Something gets smaller.
digestion (dye-jes-jun) - Process that breaks food into soluble substances in our bodies.
digestive juices - A liquid containing enzymes that break down food.
digestive system - A group of organs that carry out digestion.
,AQA Biology Paper 1
egestion (ee-jes-jun) - When faeces are pushed out of the anus.
enzyme - A chemical (usually a type of protein) that can break up large molecules.
faeces (fee-sees) - Waste food material produced by the intestines.
feeding - Putting food into your mouth. Also called ingestion.
fibre (feye-ber) - Substance found in food which cannot be used by the body. It helps to keep our
intestines clean.
gullet - Tube that goes from the mouth to the stomach. Sometimes called the 'food pipe' but properly
called the oesophagus.
gut - All the organs of the digestive system apart from the mouth.
ingestion (in-jes-jun) - Putting food into your mouth.
insoluble - Something that does not dissolve is said to be insoluble.
large intestine - Organ that takes water out of waste food.
molar - Grinding tooth at the back of the mouth.
rectum - Organ that stores faeces before they are egested.
saliva (sall-eye-va) - A digestive juice. It contains an enzyme that breaks down starch into sugar.
, AQA Biology Paper 1
salivary gland (sall-eye-vor-ee) - Found in the mouth. It makes saliva.
small intestine - Organ where most digestion happens. The soluble substances produced by digestion
are absorbed into the body here. It is about 6.5 m long in adults.
stomach (stum-uck) - Organ containing strong acid which mixes food up and digests proteins.
absorbed - When soluble substances go through the wall of the small intestine into the blood.
amylase (am-e-laze) - An enzyme found in saliva that breaks starch down into sugar.
digestive juice - A liquid containing enzymes that break down food.
absorbed - When soluble substances go through the wall of the small intestine into the blood.
artery - Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
blood - Liquid that flows around the body carrying various substances which are either made by the
body or needed by the body.
blood vessel - Tubes in which blood flows. There are capillaries, veins and arteries.
capillaries (cap-pill-arr-ees) - Tiny tubes that carry blood. These are so small because they allow
substances to pass in and out easily.
circulatory system - System containing the heart and blood vessels.
heart - Organ that pumps blood around the body.
constipation (con-stip-ay-shun) - When the intestines get blocked up.
fibre (feye-ber) - Substance found in food which cannot be used by the body. It helps to keep our
intestines clean.
nutrition information (new-trish-un) - Information label found on a food packet to tell you what is in the
food.
nutrients (new-tree-ents) - Substances needed in the diet to provide raw materials.
raw materials - Substances used to make other substances out of.
solvent - A liquid that can dissolve other substances to form solutions.
solute - the minor (or smaller part) of a solution, this is generally the name given for the thing that has
been dissolved.
starch - Type of insoluble carbohydrate found in plants.
water - A compound made of hydrogen and oxygen which the body uses as a solvent.
balanced diet - Eating a wide variety of foods to give us all the things that we need.
carbohydrate (car-bO-high-drate) - Substance found in food that is used for energy.
chemical energy - Energy stored in chemicals like food.
fat - Substance found in food that is stored to be used for energy in the future. It also helps to keep heat
in our bodies and to make the membranes of cells.
,AQA Biology Paper 1
heart disease - Disease caused by narrowing of the arteries carrying the blood to the muscles of the
heart so the heart muscles do not receive enough oxygen.
kilojoule (kJ) (kill-O-jool) - Unit of energy used on food packets. There are 1000 J in 1 kJ.
mineral - Properly called a 'mineral salt' and found in food. Needed in small quantities for health (e.g.
calcium).
protein - Substance found in food that is used for growth and repair and made of chains of chemicals
called amino acids.
starch - Type of insoluble carbohydrate found in plants.
sugar - Type of soluble carbohydrate. Glucose is an example of a sugar.
vitamin - Substance found in food that is needed in small quantities for health (e.g. vitamin C).
absorbed - When soluble substances go through the wall of the small intestine into the blood.
anus - The opening at the end of the gut.
appendix - Small tube branching off the large intestine. It has no function in humans.
contract - Something gets smaller.
digestion (dye-jes-jun) - Process that breaks food into soluble substances in our bodies.
digestive juices - A liquid containing enzymes that break down food.
digestive system - A group of organs that carry out digestion.
,AQA Biology Paper 1
egestion (ee-jes-jun) - When faeces are pushed out of the anus.
enzyme - A chemical (usually a type of protein) that can break up large molecules.
faeces (fee-sees) - Waste food material produced by the intestines.
feeding - Putting food into your mouth. Also called ingestion.
fibre (feye-ber) - Substance found in food which cannot be used by the body. It helps to keep our
intestines clean.
gullet - Tube that goes from the mouth to the stomach. Sometimes called the 'food pipe' but properly
called the oesophagus.
gut - All the organs of the digestive system apart from the mouth.
ingestion (in-jes-jun) - Putting food into your mouth.
insoluble - Something that does not dissolve is said to be insoluble.
large intestine - Organ that takes water out of waste food.
molar - Grinding tooth at the back of the mouth.
rectum - Organ that stores faeces before they are egested.
saliva (sall-eye-va) - A digestive juice. It contains an enzyme that breaks down starch into sugar.
, AQA Biology Paper 1
salivary gland (sall-eye-vor-ee) - Found in the mouth. It makes saliva.
small intestine - Organ where most digestion happens. The soluble substances produced by digestion
are absorbed into the body here. It is about 6.5 m long in adults.
stomach (stum-uck) - Organ containing strong acid which mixes food up and digests proteins.
absorbed - When soluble substances go through the wall of the small intestine into the blood.
amylase (am-e-laze) - An enzyme found in saliva that breaks starch down into sugar.
digestive juice - A liquid containing enzymes that break down food.
absorbed - When soluble substances go through the wall of the small intestine into the blood.
artery - Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
blood - Liquid that flows around the body carrying various substances which are either made by the
body or needed by the body.
blood vessel - Tubes in which blood flows. There are capillaries, veins and arteries.
capillaries (cap-pill-arr-ees) - Tiny tubes that carry blood. These are so small because they allow
substances to pass in and out easily.
circulatory system - System containing the heart and blood vessels.
heart - Organ that pumps blood around the body.
