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NS 320 STUDY GUIDE- EXAM 3
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Exam of 25 pages for the course NS 320 at NS 320 (study guide)
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EXAM III-STUDY GUIDESCHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING
NS 320 STUDY GUIDE- EXAM 3
CHAPTER 34: PERSONALITY DISORDERS
Personality is defined as “an enduring pattern of behavior that is considered to be both
conscious and unconscious and reflects a means of adapting to a particular environment
and its cultural, ethnic and community standards.” An individual with a healthy
personality has the following characteristics:
● Sees his or her own strengths and weaknesses
● Identifies his or her own boundaries
● Recognizes interactions and thoughts that lead to strong emotions such as joy or
anger
● Interacts with others without expecting them to meet all needs
● Seeks a balance of work and play
● Accomplishes goals
● Defines and expresses spirituality
In contrast, personality disorder (PD) is defined as “an enduring pattern of inner
experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectation of the individual’s
,culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable
over time, and leads to distress or impairment.” A person with a PD exhibits long-term
maladaptive behavior that prevents him or her from accomplishing desired goals in
relationship and other endeavors. These behaviors are not experienced as
uncomfortable or disorganized by the individual, as are the symptoms of clients with
anxiety, mood, or psychotic disorders. The main maladaptive behavior may affect only
one aspect of the person’s life, such as intimate relationships. Therefore, many
individuals with PDs do not seek treatment unless there is a crisis or a comorbid
diagnosis that causes distress. All of the PDs have 4 characteristics in common:
● Inflexible and maladaptive response to stress-ex. Compulsive traits may get the
job done at work but be hard on a relationship; rigid behavior serves what
function?
● Disability in working and loving-for the most part PDs have normal ego
functioning but have difficulty with interpersonal and loving relationships; all
PDs have self-esteem issues
● Ability to evoke interpersonal conflict-PDs can’t see themselves objectively;
therefore they lack the desire to alter aspects of their behavior to enrich or
maintain important relationships. They cannot trust others and are constantly
fearful of being hurt
● Capacity to “get under the skin”- PDs have uncanny ability to merge personal
boundaries with others.
, Individuals with PDs tend to be less educated or unemployed. They are often single, or,
if married have marital difficulties. They often have comorbid substance abuse disorders,
and may commit violent and non-violent crimes, including sex offenses. People with
PDs evoke emotional reactions in health care workers: may be aggravating, and
demanding, or seductive and dependent; staff may react with inappropriate responses
such as sexual interest, the urge to rescue, or the desire to withdraw. Profound problem
to trust.
Causes of PD are multifactorial -environment (child abuse)-biological (genetic)-
psychosocial (antisocial-harsh or rigid family upbringing). Use many defense
mechanisms (ego function) splitting (pg. 798)-inability to incorporate positive and
negative aspects of oneself or others into a whole image. Initially idealize the person
then despise them when realize he or she will not meet all their needs.
Cluster A Disorders (Odd, Eccentric)-pg 787-these individuals avoid
interpersonal relationships, have unusual beliefs, and may be indifferent to the reactions
of others to their views.
Paranoid Personality Disorder-characterized by distrust and
suspiciousness toward others, based on the belief (unsupported by evidence) that others
want to exploit, harm, or deceive them.
Schizoid Personality Disorder-has the primary feature of emotional
detachment. Very solitary. May be able to work in solitary occupation but very
indifferent to praise or criticism.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder-have odd beliefs leading to
interpersonal difficulties. Magical thinking-not clearly delusional or hallucinations.
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