APhA Immunization Self-Study Evaluation | 80 Questions | All Answers & Explanations are Correct
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APhA Immunization
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Kaplan University
If a vial of influenza vaccine is left out of the refrigerator on the pharmacy counter overnight, what should be done with the vaccine? - LO 5.4; Module 5— Vaccine Storage and Handling. If a vaccine has been exposed to temperatures outside the recommended range, the vaccine should be quarantined ...
apha immunization self study evaluation | 80 questions | all answers amp explanations are correct
apha immunization self study evaluation
if a vial of influenza vaccine is left out of the refrigerat
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APhA Immunization Self-Study Evaluation | 80
Questions | All Answers & Explanations are Correct
If a vial of influenza vaccine is left out of the refrigerator on the pharmacy counter
overnight, what should be done with the vaccine? LO 5.4; Module 5— Vaccine
Storage and Handling.
If a vaccine has been exposed to temperatures outside the recommended range, the
vaccine should be quarantined and stored in the refrigerator or freezer (as
appropriate based on where the vaccine should usually be stored). In the case, the
IIV should be placed back in the refrigerator. This quarantined vaccine should be
clearly marked "do not use" and the manufacturer should be contacted for further
guidance. Pharmacists should document each of these steps any time there is a
break in the cold chain.
The presence of fever, diffuse maculopapular rash, and Koplik spots are
characteristic of which of the following diseases? Module 3—Measles, Mumps,
Rubella. Measles
The classic symptoms of measles include fever, cough, coryza (runny nose),
conjunctivitis, Koplik spots (a bluish-white rash on mucous membranes, especially
the mouth), followed by the development of a maculopapular rash approximately
14 days after exposure. Individuals infected with mumps may not have symptoms.
Others may have nonspecific symptoms, such as headache, fever, myalgia, and
malaise. About 30% to 40% of individuals may experience inflammation of the
parotid glands. Rubella symptoms tend to be relatively mild and may present as a
maculopapular rash that occurs approximately 14 days after exposure. Others may
experience arthritis and arthralgia. Varicella presents as a generalized vesicular
rash.
What is the type of immunity that occurs when a pregnant woman is vaccinated
with Tdap to protect the infant from pertussis after birth? LO2. 1; Module 2—
Passive vs. Active Immunity
Acquired immunity involves immunological memory. It is something the body
develops upon exposure to pathogens or antigens and results in antigen-antibody
complex formation. Cell-mediated immunity is a component of acquired immunity
and destroys pathogens that have entered cells. Acquired immunity can be active or
passive. Active immunity occurs when an antigen from an invading pathogen or a
vaccine triggers the immune system to respond. Passive immunity happens when
antibodies are provided from another source, such as or upon receipt of blood
,products or immunoglobulin when maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus.
This is the reason Tdap is given with every pregnancy—the maternal antibodies
passed to the fetus protect the newborn from pertussis.
Which of the following is recognized by sociologists as a factor in a patient's
decision whether to be vaccinated? Module 4—Educating Patients About
Vaccines.
Sociologists have identified five key factors in a person's decision to be vaccinated:
1) perceived susceptibility to a disease, 2) perceived seriousness of a disease, 3)
perceived vaccine benefits, 4) perceived vaccine barriers (e.g., adverse effects,
access), and 5) social influence (e.g., recommendation from a health care provider)
What is the most common complication of pertussis? Module 3 - Pertussis
Pertussis, which is is caused by Bordetella pertussis, infects the respiratory tract
and produces toxins that interfere with the function of the respiratory tract,
ultimately causing the characteristic symptoms of pertussis. Symptoms begin as
they would for the common cold but then transition to the paroxysmal (whooping)
cough. Given the impact on the respiratory tract, pneumonia is the most common
complication. Poor oxygenation during the coughing episodes can lead to
hypoxemia and seizures, but these are less common. Colic is inconsolable crying,
which has been attributed to abdominal pain. This is unrelated to pertussis.
Which type of vaccine involves stimulation of B cells without the assistance of T
helper cells? Module 2—Polysaccharide and Conjugated Vaccines
A pure polysaccharide vaccine does not require T-helper cells to produce an
immune response. It is mediated solely through B cells. As such, they are T cell-
independent. The immune systems in children younger than 2 years of age are too
immature to mount an immune response by this method. In addition, there is no
booster effect and any immunity developed is relatively short-lived. When a
polysaccharide vaccine is altered by adding a protein, it is considered conjugated.
The immune response changes to one that is T cell-mediated. This mechanism
allows children younger than 2 years of age to form an immune response.
Conjugated vaccines provide longer-lasting protection. A recombinant vaccine is
made by using recombinant DNA technology. Both live attenuated vaccines and
recombinant vaccines mimic natural infection and involve T cells in the immune
response.
, HZV should not be administered to a patient with a history of anaphylaxis to: LO
3.3; Module 3— Herpes Zoster, Contraindications and Precautions
Gelatin can be found in the MMR vaccine, rabies vaccine, typhoid vaccine,
varicella vaccine, yellow fever vaccine, herpes zoster vaccine (HZV), and any
combination vaccines that include these. A patient with a severe allergy to gelatin
would have a contraindication to receiving these vaccines. HZV also contains
neomycin, but does not contain egg protein, latex, or tree nuts.
A health care provider who has not been vaccinated against hepatitis B is stuck by
a contaminated needle after administering an immunization to a hepatitis B-
positive patient. In addition to hepatitis B vaccine, the health care provider also
should receive hepatitis B Immunoglobulin (HBIG) as postexposure prophylaxis
because the HBIG provides: LO 2.1; Module 2—Passive and Active Immunity
Can Be Complementary
Giving both the hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG)
allows for active and passive immunity. Active immunity occurs when the antigen
from the vaccine triggers the immune system to respond. The vaccine will provide
long-term protection but it takes the body about two weeks to develop immunity.
Passive immunity happens when antibodies are provided from another source, such
as immunoglobulin. Passive immunity is short-live, but it provides protection right
away.
Which of the following diseases are transmitted through mosquito bites? Module 3
—Vaccines for International Travel
Mosquito-borne infections for which vaccines are available include yellow fever
and Japanese encephalitis. Typhoid fever is spread by Salmonella typhi in food and
water. Hepatitis A is spread via the fecal-oral route. Haemophilus influenzae type b
and measles are spread by respiratory transmission.
In the event that a young child is fussy following the receipt of a vaccine,
pharmacists should advise parents to: LO 4.8; Module 4—Common Adverse
Events
Young children may experience drowsiness, fretfulness, or poor appetite following
vaccination. Parents should be advised to plan quiet activities and comfort their
children as needed. Children's formulations of acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be
used to relieve local discomfort, if needed. Aspirin is not recommended for use in
children. If more serious adverse reactions occur, parents should be instructed to
seek emergency care and to follow up with the pediatrician as necessary.
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