Summary of lectures 1 to 9 of the “Immunobiology” course for exam 1
95 views 9 purchases
Course
Immunobiologie (BB3IMMB09)
Institution
Universiteit Utrecht (UU)
Book
The Immune System
Summary of lectures 1 to 9 of the “Immunobiology” course for exam 1. Some Wooclap questions and Inquizitive questions that I found important myself are included. The summary is probably more detailed than necessary, it is important to know the processes and certain names.
Download the official test bank for The Immune System,Parham,3e
Achieve Academic Excellence with the [The Immune System,Parham,3e] 2023 Test Bank
Samenvatting Immuology incl WG's
All for this textbook (7)
Written for
Universiteit Utrecht (UU)
Biologie
Immunobiologie (BB3IMMB09)
All documents for this subject (47)
Seller
Follow
MLSstudent
Reviews received
Content preview
Chapter 1: Elements of the immune system and their roles in
defense
What is immunology?
• Immunology is the study of physiological mechanisms that humans and other
animals use to defend their bodies from invasion by other organisms.
• The host (the one affected) invests heavily in cells dedicated to defense, which
collectively form the immune system. The immune response costs a lot of
energy.
o There are a lot of different immune cells. But they don’t live very long.
You need to continuously make these immune cells.
Innate cells
Lymphoid cells
• Don’t work on their own, need help
from innate cells.
• 2 different type of T-cells:
o CD4 T-cells (helper T-cells).
o CD8 T-cells (killer T-cells).
• ILC = innate like lymphoid cells.
,The adaptive immune system consists mostly of B-cells and T-cells. The innate
immune system are cells that do not have specific receptors.
Not all the species have adaptive immune responses (= no lymphocytes, only innate
immune system)
• Depends on life time and how soon you can have your offspring.
o Insects can get offspring very quickly, so they need to invest their
energy in that, instead of their immune system.
Innate immunity is more important than adaptive immunity
What does the innate immunity do?
• Skin is also a part of the immune system.
• If the skin is getting destroyed, bacteria can get in.
• The innate cells that are always there starts fighting this bacteria and produces
a lot of cytokines. A signal will be send to the blood vessels. Blood vessels will
open up, so more immune cells can come to the place. They can get rid of the
, bacteria. The innate cells will stay there for a while, because they need to
make sure the damage is repaired.
• If the innate cells cannot manage to get rid of the bacteria, the adaptive
immune system will get activated.
Adaptive immunity: cytotoxic T-cells
• If a healthy cell is infected, then it produces a lot of stress molecules. It
presents peptides (from the pathogen) with the help of MHC molecules.
• The T-cells can recognize the aberrant peptides on the cell surface on the
infected cell and kill them.
T-helper cells
• T-helper cells have different cell surface receptors, therefore they recognize
different MHC molecules.
• When they get activated, they produce a lot of cytokines that help the B-cells
to make antibodies. They also activate the CD8 T-cells.
, B-cells: what do they do?
• They produce antibodies. The antibodies can do:
o Neutralization.
o Opsonization.
• The antibodies can mark the pathogens, so the
pathogens can be more visible to the innate
cells. The innate cells do not have specific
receptors for recognizing pathogens. But they
have receptors for recognizing the Fc part of an
antibody (the constant part).
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller MLSstudent. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $6.95. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
