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Spectroscopy1
,2
,3
, Basics of Spectroscopy
INTRODUCTION
This module is the first in a series of three modules that deal with spectroscopy. The three, taken
in sequence, cover first the basic ideas of what spectroscopy is and what it does (Basics of
Spectroscopy); second, the instruments used to form and measure spectra of various light
sources (Instruments of Spectroscopy); and third, the applications of spectroscopy in diverse
scientific and technical fields (Applications of Spectroscopy).
In this module you will learn how spectroscopy stands as an important science related to the
identification of the emissions, absorptions, and structures of many substances. You will learn
how the use of different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum enables one to probe the inner
structures of atomic and molecular substances and provide one with “fingerprints” that can be
used to identify these substances when they are present in complicated mixtures. Finally, we
shall look (briefly) at the instruments used to provide spectra and the general applications of
spectroscopy in today’s technologies. We shall reserve for the two modules that follow a deeper
treatment of measuring instruments and a survey of applications in spectroscopy.
PREREQUISITES
Several modules in Course 1, Fundamentals of Light and Lasers, form an ideal background for
a study of this module. They are Module 1-1: Nature and Properties of Light; Module 1-3:
Light Sources and Laser Safety; Module 1-4: Basic Geometrical Optics; and Module 1-5: Basic
Physical Optics. In addition, a working understanding of algebra, geometry, and right-angle
trigonometry will be helpful.
OBJECTIVES
When you have finished this module you will be able to:
Define spectroscopy, spectra, and spectrometer.
Outline the development of spectroscopy as a science.
Distinguish between emission and absorption spectra.
Distinguish between line and band spectra.
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