Summary
Samenvatting - Analyse van de beweging
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Samenvatting academiejaar 2021/2022 Dia's + eigen notities Lector: Tom Sarlet
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Inhoudsopgave1. Vlakken en assen...................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Vlakken............................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Assen...............................................................................................................................................................1
2. Bewegingsrichtingen.............................................................................................................................................2
3. Synoviale gewrichten............................................................................................................................................4
3.1 Scharniergewricht (hoekgewricht)..................................................................................................................4
3.1.1 Schroefgewricht.......................................................................................................................................4
3.1.2 Spiraalgewricht.........................................................................................................................................5
3.2 Draaigewricht of rolgewricht..........................................................................................................................5
3.3 Eigewricht of condylair gewricht.....................................................................................................................5
3.4 Zadelgewricht..................................................................................................................................................6
3.5 Kogelgewricht..................................................................................................................................................6
3.6 Vlakke gewricht of glijdend gewricht..............................................................................................................6
4. spieren...................................................................................................................................................................7
4.1 spierweefsel....................................................................................................................................................7
4.2 Opbouw van een spier....................................................................................................................................7
4.3 Contractie van de spier...................................................................................................................................8
4.3.1 Isometrische/statische contractie............................................................................................................8
4.3.2 Isotonische contractie..............................................................................................................................9
4.3.3 ISOKINETISCHE contractie........................................................................................................................9
4.4 contractie op myofibril-niveau........................................................................................................................9
4.5 Beweging en bewegingsomvang...................................................................................................................10
4.6 Beïnvloedende factoren op de spierkracht...................................................................................................11
4.6.1 Dikte van de spier...................................................................................................................................11
4.6.2 Motorische eenheid...............................................................................................................................12
4.6.3 Lengte van een spier..............................................................................................................................13
4.6.4 lengte van een spier...............................................................................................................................14
4.6.5 Snelheid..................................................................................................................................................15
5. Biomechanica......................................................................................................................................................16
5.1 Kracht............................................................................................................................................................16
6. Synthese spieren en bewegingen........................................................................................................................17
6.1 Schouder........................................................................................................................................................17
6.2 Elleboog en arm.............................................................................................................................................18
6.3 Pols................................................................................................................................................................18
6.4 Heup..............................................................................................................................................................19
, 6.5 Knie................................................................................................................................................................20
6.6 Enkel..............................................................................................................................................................20
Practica....................................................................................................................................................................22
Practicum 1: bewegingsanalyse..........................................................................................................................22
1.1 Staan en zitten...........................................................................................................................................22
1.2 Wandelen..................................................................................................................................................24
Practicum 2: bewegingsanalyse..........................................................................................................................30
2.1 Methode doortrekken naar alle bewegingen...........................................................................................30
Analyse van de beweging 2
,ANALYSEREN VAN DE BEWEGING
1. VLAKKEN EN ASSEN
Vlakken
frontaal vlak
Sagittaal vlak
Transversaal vlak
Assen
a) Longitudinale as
b) Sagittale as
c) Transversale as
1.1 VLAKKEN
Frontaal vlak Sagittaal vlak Transversaal vlak
Longitudinale en transversale as Longitudinale as en sagittale as Sagittale as en transversale as
Voorste- achterste deel Rechter- en linkerhelft Boven- en onderzijde
Mediaanvlak of midsagittale vlak
Evenwijdig met voorhoofd Evenwijdig met vloeroppervlak
(= vlak precies in middenlijn)
Dwarsdoorsnede van het lichaam
Loodrecht op mediaanvlak Loodrecht op frontale vlak
(transversaal = dwarslopend)
(horizontaal doorsnijden)
(verticaal doorsnijden) (verticaal doorsnijden)
Horizontaal vlak
1.2 ASSEN
Longitudinale as Sagittale as Transversale as
Lengte- as (lengterichting van het Dorso- ventrale as
Horizontale as Breedte- as
lichaam) Diepte- as
Boven naar beneden lopend Horizontaal van links naar rechts
Voor- achterwaarts lopend
(verticaal) lopend
CC- as (cranio- caudale as) AP- as (anterior- posterior as) LL- as (latero- laterale as)
Snijlijn sagittaal en transversaal Snijlijn transversaal en frontaal
Snijlijn sagittaal en frontaal vlak
vlak vlak
Analyse van de beweging 1
, 2. BEWEGINGSRICHTINGEN
Terminologie
Flexie, flexio Buiging
Extensie, extensio Strekking
Weg van het lichaam, naar
Abductie, deviatie, abductio
buiten trekken
Adductie, adductio Naar het lichaam toe, aantrekken
Rotatie, rotatio Draaiing, beweging rond een as
Anteflexie (naar voor) en retroflexie (naar achter) van
het been (heup) en de arm (schouder) = flexie en
extensie
Flexie bovenarm/dij = anteflexie
Extensie bovenarm/dij = retroflexie
Elevatie = opheffen van arm of dij boven de
horizontale lijn
Hyperextensie = Beweging verder dan normale bewegingsomvang
Anteversie van het bekken = naar voor kantelen
Retroversie van het bekken = naar achter kantelen
Lateroflexie = laterale flexie (kromming WK)
Flexie hand vanuit pols
· Palmaire flexie (handpalm)
· Dorsiflexie, dorsaalflexie (handrug)
Flexie voet vanuit de enkel
· plantaire flexie (voetzool)
· dorsiflexie, dorsaalflexie (voetrug)
Analyse van de beweging 2
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