Patho/Phys Fall 2022 (ACCUMULATIVE)
A decrease in blood pressure at the arterial baroreceptors would result in which
of the following?
- a decrease in heart rate
- vasodilation of arterioles
- an increase in heart contractility
- a decrease in cardiac output
- an increase in heart contractility
Which of the following is NOT an important source of resistance to blood flow?
- vessel length
- blood viscosity
- vessel diameter
- total blood volume
total blood volume
What blood vessel experiences the steepest drop in blood pressure?
- arteries
- capillaries
- arterioles
- venules
arterioles
Where are the sensors for the arterial baroreceptor reflex located?
- carotid sinus and aortic arch
- the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
- cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata
Carotid sinus and aortic arch
If blood pressure is increased at the arterial baroreceptors, what would happen
with the activity level of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and
sympathetic nervous system (SNS)?
- decreased PNS activity and increased SNS activity
- increased PNS and SNS activity
- increased PNS activity and decreased SNS activity
increased PNS and decreased SNS activity
decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system
Which of the following would cause vasodilation of arterioles?
- decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system
- increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system
- increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system
- decreased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system
decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system
,Stimulation of the adrenal medulla would result in which of the following?
- a decrease in blood pressure
- a decrease in cardiac output
- vasodilation of arteries
- an increase in heart rate and contractility
an increase in heart rate and contractility
Which of the following hormones will lower blood pressure?
- angiotensin II (Ang II)
- atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
- aldosterone
- antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Which of the following is involved in long-term regulation of blood pressure?
- baroreceptor reflexes
- chemoreceptor reflexes
- renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
- adrenal medulla hormones
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
In local autoregulation of blood flow, usually low oxygen levels cause
vasodilation. Which tissue shows the opposite pattern?
- heart
- lungs
- liver
- skeletal muscle
lungs
Which of the following is a myogenic factor that influences blood flow?
- sympathetic tone
- atrial antidiuretic peptide
- stretch of vascular smooth muscle
- epinephrine from the adrenal medulla
stretch of vascular smooth muscle
The diagram shows a model cell that transports substance X across the cell
membrane. The cell is equipped with a Na-K-ATPase pump as shown. Substance
X enters the cell by a coupled transport mechanism and exits the cell by carrier-
mediated diffusion. Treatment with a substance that inhibits the Na-K-ATPase
pump inhibits the transport of X by which of the following mechanisms?
A. Decreasing intracellular K+ concentration
B. Decreasing intracellular Na+ concentration
C. Increasing intracellular K+ concentration
D. Increasing intracellular Na+ concentration
, ANS: D
A 42-year-old woman decides to lose weight on a diet prescribed by an anorexic
friend. She loses about 30 pounds in 45 days, but her serum potassium level falls
to 2.1 mmol/L (normal: 3.5 to 5.0 mmol/L). Which of the following changes is most
likely to occur in this young woman?
A. Depolarization of the resting membrane potential
B. Hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential
C. Increased intracellular potassium concentration
D. Potassium equilibrium potential becomes less negative
ANS: B
A 56-year-old woman is referred to the neurology clinic for evaluation of her long-
term problem of a stumbling gait and a tendency to fall. Her visual acuity also
seems to change periodically. Neurological findings suggest multiple sclerosis.
This diagnosis is further supported by magnetic resonance imaging, which
shows of areas of demyelination in the central nervous system. Other tests show
the presence of oligoclonal bands in the spinal fluid. The loss of myelin from a
nerve fiber has which of the following effects?
A. Decreased conduction velocity of action potential or no action potential
B. Decreased energy requirement for successful action potentials
C.Increased conduction velocity of action potential
D. Increased velocity of salutatory conduction
ANS: A
Which of the following will result in spastic contraction of the heart?
Excess calcium ions in the blood
Excess potassium ions in the blood
Excess sodium ions in the blood
Decreased sympathetic stimulation
Decreased norepinephrine concentration in the blood
Excess calcium ions in the blood
If the sinus node stops discharging, what is the expected heart rate (in
beats/minute) if the A-V node takes over as the cardiac pacemaker?
A. 15
B. 20
C. 35
D. 50
E. 72
D. 50
Which of the following conditions at the S-A node will cause a decrease in heart
rate?
A decrease in blood pressure at the arterial baroreceptors would result in which
of the following?
- a decrease in heart rate
- vasodilation of arterioles
- an increase in heart contractility
- a decrease in cardiac output
- an increase in heart contractility
Which of the following is NOT an important source of resistance to blood flow?
- vessel length
- blood viscosity
- vessel diameter
- total blood volume
total blood volume
What blood vessel experiences the steepest drop in blood pressure?
- arteries
- capillaries
- arterioles
- venules
arterioles
Where are the sensors for the arterial baroreceptor reflex located?
- carotid sinus and aortic arch
- the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
- cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata
Carotid sinus and aortic arch
If blood pressure is increased at the arterial baroreceptors, what would happen
with the activity level of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and
sympathetic nervous system (SNS)?
- decreased PNS activity and increased SNS activity
- increased PNS and SNS activity
- increased PNS activity and decreased SNS activity
increased PNS and decreased SNS activity
decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system
Which of the following would cause vasodilation of arterioles?
- decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system
- increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system
- increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system
- decreased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system
decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system
,Stimulation of the adrenal medulla would result in which of the following?
- a decrease in blood pressure
- a decrease in cardiac output
- vasodilation of arteries
- an increase in heart rate and contractility
an increase in heart rate and contractility
Which of the following hormones will lower blood pressure?
- angiotensin II (Ang II)
- atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
- aldosterone
- antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Which of the following is involved in long-term regulation of blood pressure?
- baroreceptor reflexes
- chemoreceptor reflexes
- renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
- adrenal medulla hormones
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
In local autoregulation of blood flow, usually low oxygen levels cause
vasodilation. Which tissue shows the opposite pattern?
- heart
- lungs
- liver
- skeletal muscle
lungs
Which of the following is a myogenic factor that influences blood flow?
- sympathetic tone
- atrial antidiuretic peptide
- stretch of vascular smooth muscle
- epinephrine from the adrenal medulla
stretch of vascular smooth muscle
The diagram shows a model cell that transports substance X across the cell
membrane. The cell is equipped with a Na-K-ATPase pump as shown. Substance
X enters the cell by a coupled transport mechanism and exits the cell by carrier-
mediated diffusion. Treatment with a substance that inhibits the Na-K-ATPase
pump inhibits the transport of X by which of the following mechanisms?
A. Decreasing intracellular K+ concentration
B. Decreasing intracellular Na+ concentration
C. Increasing intracellular K+ concentration
D. Increasing intracellular Na+ concentration
, ANS: D
A 42-year-old woman decides to lose weight on a diet prescribed by an anorexic
friend. She loses about 30 pounds in 45 days, but her serum potassium level falls
to 2.1 mmol/L (normal: 3.5 to 5.0 mmol/L). Which of the following changes is most
likely to occur in this young woman?
A. Depolarization of the resting membrane potential
B. Hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential
C. Increased intracellular potassium concentration
D. Potassium equilibrium potential becomes less negative
ANS: B
A 56-year-old woman is referred to the neurology clinic for evaluation of her long-
term problem of a stumbling gait and a tendency to fall. Her visual acuity also
seems to change periodically. Neurological findings suggest multiple sclerosis.
This diagnosis is further supported by magnetic resonance imaging, which
shows of areas of demyelination in the central nervous system. Other tests show
the presence of oligoclonal bands in the spinal fluid. The loss of myelin from a
nerve fiber has which of the following effects?
A. Decreased conduction velocity of action potential or no action potential
B. Decreased energy requirement for successful action potentials
C.Increased conduction velocity of action potential
D. Increased velocity of salutatory conduction
ANS: A
Which of the following will result in spastic contraction of the heart?
Excess calcium ions in the blood
Excess potassium ions in the blood
Excess sodium ions in the blood
Decreased sympathetic stimulation
Decreased norepinephrine concentration in the blood
Excess calcium ions in the blood
If the sinus node stops discharging, what is the expected heart rate (in
beats/minute) if the A-V node takes over as the cardiac pacemaker?
A. 15
B. 20
C. 35
D. 50
E. 72
D. 50
Which of the following conditions at the S-A node will cause a decrease in heart
rate?
