100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
Comprehensive summary: Statistics $5.83
Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen (RU)
  4.  
  5. Statistics (LETCIWB253IBC)

Summary

Comprehensive summary: Statistics
 3 purchases
  • Course
  • Statistics (LETCIWB253IBC)
  • Institution
  • Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen (RU)
  • Book
  • Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS

This summary provides a clear description of everything discussed in the lectures, including clear examples and images from the slides. This summary discusses certain chapters from Andy Field's book in an easier way.

Preview 3 out of 27  pages

Document information

  • No
  • 1 t/m 5, 8, 10, 12, 19
  • October 20, 2022
  • 27
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

Subjects

  • statistics
  • spss
  • andy field
  • statistiek
  • ibc
  • international business communication

Connected book

book image

Book Title:

Author(s):

  • Edition:
  • ISBN:
  • Edition:

Written for

  • Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen (RU)
  • International Business Communication
  • Statistics (LETCIWB253IBC)
All documents for this subject (8)

Seller

avatar-seller
tijnderks45

Content preview

Statistics
Week 1
Types of data analysis
Quantitative methods
- Testing theories using numbers – describing and analysing data using statistics
Qualitative methods
- Testing theories using language
- magazines/articles/interviews
- conversations
- newspapers
- media broadcast


We do research on an sample taken from the population. These results do not necessarily
apply to everyone. Statistics is part of the research process. Statistics will not help if the study
is badly designed.


We use statistics so that we can generalise our findings.
- How big is the chance that our sample is representative for the population?


5 steps for setting up a research
1. You find something that needs explaining
2. Hypotheses based on expectations (from literature, a theory or an observation)
3. Collect data
4. Analyse data
5. Draw conclusions
Falsification: The act of disproving a theory or hypotheses. One falsification has more impact
than numerous confirmations. It is easier to prove that a hypothesis can be rejected.


We need to define the variables in order to generate a hypothesis and analyse data. E.g.
- Type of ad; with and without certain words
- Product colour: products with one, two or three colours
- Country: people living in one or two countries




1

,Variable: anything that can be measured and can differ across entities or time. You are
interested in the relation between theoretical constructs.
- Effect of popularity on success
Popularity is based on number of friends
Success is based on total amount of money


An independent variable (IV)
- Proposed cause
- A predictor variable, influences the results
- A manipulated variable by the researches (I’m
manipulating the colour of the product)
A dependent variable (DV)
- The variable that shows the result or outcome, depending
on the intervention
- The proposed effect
- Measured not manipulated (does the colour of the product (IV) have an effect on
buying intention (DV))
Example:
A study using Dutch-accented and German-accented speakers of English to study the effect
of type of English accent on speaker appreciation.
IV: Type of accent (German or Dutch)
DV: Speaker appreciation
Control variable: I want to keep the age constant so all the participants are 20 years old.
Examples IV’s:
- Level of education
- Groups (with or without training)
- Age
- Type of ad (with or without gestures)


Levels of measurement
NOIR
- Nominal
- Ordinal
- Interval
- Ratio




2

, Categorical (entities are divided into distinct categories)
- Binary variable: only two categories (dead or alive)
- Nominal variable: more than two categories (omnivore, vegetarian, vegan or fruitarian)
- Ordinal variable: the same as nominal, but we can order the categories (low income,
middle income, high income)
Continuous (entities get a distinct score)
- Interval variable: equal intervals on the variable represent equal differences (the difference
between 6 and 8 is the same as the difference between 13 and 15) e.g. likert scale
- Ratio variable: The must be an absolute zero point (someone earning 16 euro earns twice
as much as someone who earns 8, but someone who earns 0 euro earns nothing) e.g.
percentage of questions right after an exam


Measurement error
The discrepancy between the actual value we’re trying to measure and the number we use
to represent that value. We try to keep measurement error low by using valid and reliable
measures.
Validity: whether an instrument measure what is set out to measure.




No need to know this by
heart.




3

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller tijnderks45. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $5.83. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

68175 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now

Start selling
$5.83  3x  sold
  • (0)
Add to cart
Added