Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Hereditary information (with the exception of some viruses) is preserved in:
a. deoxyribonucleic acid.
b. membrane structures.
c. nuclei.
d. polysaccharides.
e. ribonucleic acid. 2. Accurate folding of a protein does NOT depend on:
a. proper pH.
b. correct ionic strength.
c. correct temperature.
d. correct metal ion concentration.
e. binding to DNA. 3. What is the correct name for the configuration of the molecule shown?
a. orthogonal
b. trans
c. cis
d. zis
e. chiros 4. Which statement is NOT true about the formation of early organisms?
a. The first organisms were anaerobic because the atmosphere was devoid of oxygen.
b. The original electron donor for photosynthetic processes was probably H2S.
c. Oxygen, a powerful oxidant, was probably welcomed by anaerobic organisms as a preferable choice
for metabolic reactions.
d. The transfer of electrons to O2 releases more energy than transferring electrons to SO42–.
e. Cyanobacteria are modern descendants of early photosynthetic oxygen-producers.
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Name: Class: Date: Chap 01_8e 5. Enzymes are biological catalysts that enhance the rate of a reaction by:
a. decreasing the activation energy.
b. decreasing the amount of free energy released.
c. increasing the activation energy.
d. increasing the amount of free energy released.
e. increasing the energy of the transition state. 6. Which ranking correctly describes the rigidity of the red bond (the central bond) shown in the figure?
a. 2 = most rigid, 3 = least rigid
b. 1 = most rigid, 5 = least rigid
c. 4 = most rigid, 3 = least rigid
d. 2 = most rigid, 1 = least rigid
e. 4 = most rigid, 1 = least rigid 7. When Stanley Miller, in Harold Urey's laboratory, subjected a gaseous mixture mimicking the prebiotic
atmosphere on Earth to electrical sparks, he found that _____ were formed.
a. amino acids
b. aldehydes
c. ribonucleotides
d. both amino acids and aldehydes
e. amino acids, aldehydes, and ribonucleotides
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Name: Class: Date: Chap 01_8e 8. In the theory for the origin of life that was tested by Miller and Urey, the prebiotic atmosphere was presumed
to:
a. already contain some primitive RNA molecules.
b. basically be very similar to the atmosphere of today.
c. contain many amino acids.
d. have an abundance of methane, ammonia, hydrogen, and water.
e. be rich in oxygen. 9. An increase in the entropy of a system can be described as an increase in the total amount of _____ of a
system.
a. kinetic energy
b. potential energy
c. oxidative energy
d. disorder
e. heat energy 10. Which statement about living systems is NOT true?
a. Living organisms can be described as an open system.
b. Living organisms maintain a more or less constant composition at maturity.
c. Living systems are in equilibrium with their surroundings.
d. Living systems exist in a dynamic steady state.
e. Living systems have efficient mechanisms to convert chemical energy from one form into another. 11. The _____ of homologous proteins or genes can be used to estimate the degree of evolutionary relatedness.
a. three-dimensional structure
b. expression profiles
c. sequence similarity
d. endosymbiotic nature
e. chromosomes 12. The typical three-dimensional structure of a protein in a cell, or _____ conformation, is critical to a protein's
function.
a. native
b. molecular
c. chaperone
d. macromolecular
e. high-affinity
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Name: Class: Date: Chap 01_8e
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