ATI Mental Health Final Study Guide
Theories and Therapies
• Freud
o Psychoanalysis: therapeutic process pf assessing unconscious thoughts and feelings and resolving conflict
Past relationships are the common focus
Disadvantage: lengthy
o Personality structure
Id: pleasure pr...
ati mental health final study guide 2022 theories and therapies • freud o psychoanalysis therapeutic process pf assessing unconscious thoughts and feelings and resolving conflict past relationship
Freud
o Psychoanalysis: therapeutic process pf assessing unconscious thoughts
and feelings and resolving conflict
Past relationships are the common focus
Disadvantage: lengthy
o Personality structure
Id: pleasure principle and reflex action (think hungry newborn
crying)
Ego: problem solver and reality tester
Superego: moral component of personality
o Defense mechanisms and anxiety
Operate at an unconscious level
Defense mechanisms work by denying, falsifying, or distorting
reality to make it less threatening
o Experience during the early stages of life determine how you react
Individuals’ lifetime adjustment patterns
Personality traits
o Transference vs countertransference
Erikson
o 8 stages of development
Infancy (0-1 ½ yrs) – Trust vs mistrust
Early Childhood (1 ½ - 3 yrs) – Autonomy vs shame and doubt
Preschool (3-6 yrs) – Initiative vs guilt
School age (6-12 yrs) – Industry vs inferiority
Adolescence (12-20 yrs) – Identity vs role confusion
Early Adulthood (20-35 yrs) – Intimacy vs isolation
Middle Adulthood (35-65 yrs) – Generativity vs self-absorption
Later Years (65+ yrs) – Integrity vs despair
o Development model we use in the nursing assessment
, o Helps to determine what types of nursing interventions are most likely
to be effective
Sullivan
o Foundation for Hildegard Peplau’s theory
o Purpose of all your client’s behavior is to get their needs met through
interpersonal interactions and to reduce or avoid anxiety
o Proposed that the nurse-client relationship “facilitates forward
movement” for the nurse and the client
o Process of nurse working with client is to:
Facilitate the client’s boundary management
Independent problem solving
Decision-making that promotes autonomy by modeling good
behaviors and correcting bad behavior
Hildegard Peplau
o Art of nursing
Provide care, compassion, and advocacy – enhance comfort and
well-being
o Science of nursing
Application of knowledge to understand a broad range of human
problems and intervene in relieving patient suffering and
promote growth
o *** Preorientation, orientation, working, termination phase
o Determine level of client’s anxiety provide interventions to lower
anxiety aim to improve patient’s ability to think and function
o Peplau established the foundation for the professional practice of
psychiatric nursing, she also continued to enrich psychiatric nursing
theory and work for the advancement of nursing practice throughout
her career
Ellis
o Rational-emotive behavior therapy
Aims to eradicate irrational beliefs
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