CCI ECHO REVIEW| 62 PAGES| 690 QUESTIONS| WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
In PLAX, which TV leaflets are seen? Correct Answer: Anterior and medial/ septal
Posterior can only be seen in RVIT plax
The coronary Arteries come off the? Correct Answer: Sinuses of Valsalva
What is the structure under the arch? Correct Answer: Right Pulmonary Artery
The formula for calculating EF is: Correct Answer: EDV-ESV / EDV x 100
Stroke Volume Correct Answer: EDV-ESV
The LA dimension is measured on M=mode during? Correct Answer: End -systole
Where are the pulmonary veins located? Correct Answer: Can be seen in Apical 4 chamber
w/inferior angulation.
How do you bring in the RVIT in PLAX? Correct Answer: Angle Medial and Inferior from
Aortic Root. TV
How do you bring in the RVOT in PLAX? Correct Answer: Angle Lateral and Superior from
Aortic root. PV
Where is the Chiari Network located? Correct Answer: RA
Where is the aortic isthmus located? Correct Answer: Area between the left subclavian and the
ductus arteriosus(where most coarctations occur)Sinus of Valsalva is the most common area of
dissections).
The ____ is the most anterior chamber of the heart? Correct Answer: RV
Pulmonary artery is _____, _____ Correct Answer: anterior, superior
The Eustachian valve is located in the? Correct Answer: IVC
Can you see the moderator band in the PLAX? Correct Answer: No- Moderator band is located
in the RV
Where does the moderator band extend? Correct Answer: From the lower intraventricular
septum to the anterior wall where it joins the papillary muscle.
Spontaneous chordal rupture more often occurs on which leaflet of the Mitral Valve? Correct
Answer: Posterior
Also psterior medial papillary muscle
,Single blood supply to posterior wall
The heart tube normally loops? Correct Answer: Anterior and to the right
Where is the coronary sinus located in relation to the descending aorta Correct Answer: The
coronary sinus is located anterior to the descending aorta. If the coronary sinus is dilated, it can
be mistaken for the descending aorta.
How would you angle to view the coronary sinus in the apical four chamber view? Correct
Answer: From the apical four chamber you you would angle inferior in order to visualize the
coronary sinus, which is located posterior to the mitral annulus.
Why is it important to know the location of the coronary sinus and the descending aorta? Correct
Answer: Pericardial Effusions lie posterior to the coronary sinus and anterior to the descending
aorta.
Pleural effusions lie posterior to the descending aorta.
What is another name for the RVOT? Correct Answer: Infundibulum
Where is the coronary sinus located in the parasternal long axis view? Correct Answer: The
coronary sinus lies in the posterior AV groove. This groove is located between the LA and LV
walls and lies posterior to be MV. In the parasternal long axis view, the coronary sinus can
sometimes be seen as a small echo free circle.
What would cause the coronary sinus to become dilated? Correct Answer: The coronary sinus
dialates due to increased pressure in the RA, increased flow to coronary sinus.
Describe the anatomy of the tricuspid valve, including the name and location if each leaflet.
Correct Answer: Location is between the Right atria and right ventricle.
It has three leaflets: anterior, posterior, and medial or (septal) leaflets.
The names reflect the anatomical relationship to the right ventricle. The medial leaflet is
connected to the septal wall. It's insertion is located closer to the cardiac apex than that of the
anterior mitral valve leaflet.
Name and describe two main layers of the pericardium? Correct Answer: Often referred to as 2
main layers as visceral and parietal. This visceral layer lies directly upon external surface of the
heart and is commonly referred as the epicardium. The parietal or fibrous pericardium is the
thick outer sac. Pericardial cavity lies between the two layers.
Anatomically 3 layers are: serous visceral, serous parietal, fibrous pericardium.
Name the three major coronary arteries. Correct Answer: The three major coronary arteries are
the right, left ant descending (LAD), and the circumflex arteries
The heart tube loops _______ at day ____ Correct Answer: The heart tube loops
ANTERIORLY and RIGHTWARD at day 22
,The AV canal is a large communication between the __________ and ________ Correct
Answer: Primitive atria and primitive ventricle
The ________ divides the AV canal into right and left AV orifices Correct Answer: Endocardial
cushions
The ductus arteriosus closes after birth due to increased systemic pressure and becomes the
_______ Correct Answer: Ligamentum arteriosum
What are the two Right to Left shunts in the normal fetal circulation? Correct Answer: Foreman
ovale
Ductus arteriosus
Following electrical depolarization of the myocardial cell membrane, which ion rushes in first
and which ion rushes in later? Correct Answer: Sodium is a rest
* Calcium is 2nd and responsible for contraction
Where is a subaortic membrane (DSS) located? Correct Answer: just below the Aortic Valve
Tricuspid Valve leaflets seen in the PSAX-Aortic valve Correct Answer: Medial (septal)
Anterior
Name the cardiac walls supplied by each of the coronary arteries. Correct Answer: Normally,
the major coronary arteries supply the cardiac walls as follows (based on the ASE 17 segment
model):
right coronary artery
a) inferior wall
b) inferoseptal
c) right ventricular apex
d) right ventricular free wall.
**RIGHT= inferior, septals, right
Left anterior descending artery - LAD Correct Answer: a) anterior wall
b) anteroseptal
c) left ventricular apex
**LEFT = anterior, apical, left
Circumflex artery Correct Answer: a) anterior lateral wall
b) inferolateral wall
CIRC = laterals
What walls do the LAD supply? Correct Answer: Anterior IVS, Anterior Left Ventricle and
Apex
, What walls do the CX supply? Correct Answer: Anterolateral and inferolateral
What walls do the Posterior descending artery supply? Correct Answer: Inferior Left Ventricle,
Inferior Right Ventricle and Inferior IVS
The LAD lies in the _______ interventricular sulcus? Correct Answer: anterior
walls and coronary artery circulation on PLAX?. Correct Answer: 1. anterior RVOT - RCA
2. anterior IVS - LAD
3. inferolateral - CX/RCA
walls and coronary artery circulation on PSAX? Correct Answer: 1. anterior IVS - LAD
2. anterior - LAD
3. anterolateral - CX/LAD
4. inferolateral - CX/RCA
5. inferior - Posterior descending
6. inferior IVS - Posterior descending /LAD
walls and coronary artery circulation A4? Correct Answer: 1. anterolateral - CX/LAD
2. apex - LAD
3. inferior IVS - LAD/RCA
4. lateral Right Ventricle - RCA
walls and coronary artery circulation Apical 2 Ch? Correct Answer: 1. anterior - LAD
2. apex - LAD
3. inferior - Posterior descending artery (of the RCA)
The circumflex artery supplies? Correct Answer: anterolateral and inferolateral walls
The Posterior descending artery ( of the right coronary artery) supplies? Correct Answer:
inferior Left Ventricle, inferior Right Ventricle and inferior IVS
The anterior septum and anterior wall of the Left Ventricle is supplied by the? Correct Answer:
LAD
The anterolateral, lateral and inferolateral walls of the Left Ventricle are supplied by the? Correct
Answer: Circumflex
The inferior wall of the Left Ventricle and inferior septum are supplied by the? Correct Answer:
Posterior descending artery
The cardiac apex is supplied by the? Correct Answer: LAD
Which coronary artery provides blood to the Right Ventricle? Correct Answer: RCA
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
In PLAX, which TV leaflets are seen? Correct Answer: Anterior and medial/ septal
Posterior can only be seen in RVIT plax
The coronary Arteries come off the? Correct Answer: Sinuses of Valsalva
What is the structure under the arch? Correct Answer: Right Pulmonary Artery
The formula for calculating EF is: Correct Answer: EDV-ESV / EDV x 100
Stroke Volume Correct Answer: EDV-ESV
The LA dimension is measured on M=mode during? Correct Answer: End -systole
Where are the pulmonary veins located? Correct Answer: Can be seen in Apical 4 chamber
w/inferior angulation.
How do you bring in the RVIT in PLAX? Correct Answer: Angle Medial and Inferior from
Aortic Root. TV
How do you bring in the RVOT in PLAX? Correct Answer: Angle Lateral and Superior from
Aortic root. PV
Where is the Chiari Network located? Correct Answer: RA
Where is the aortic isthmus located? Correct Answer: Area between the left subclavian and the
ductus arteriosus(where most coarctations occur)Sinus of Valsalva is the most common area of
dissections).
The ____ is the most anterior chamber of the heart? Correct Answer: RV
Pulmonary artery is _____, _____ Correct Answer: anterior, superior
The Eustachian valve is located in the? Correct Answer: IVC
Can you see the moderator band in the PLAX? Correct Answer: No- Moderator band is located
in the RV
Where does the moderator band extend? Correct Answer: From the lower intraventricular
septum to the anterior wall where it joins the papillary muscle.
Spontaneous chordal rupture more often occurs on which leaflet of the Mitral Valve? Correct
Answer: Posterior
Also psterior medial papillary muscle
,Single blood supply to posterior wall
The heart tube normally loops? Correct Answer: Anterior and to the right
Where is the coronary sinus located in relation to the descending aorta Correct Answer: The
coronary sinus is located anterior to the descending aorta. If the coronary sinus is dilated, it can
be mistaken for the descending aorta.
How would you angle to view the coronary sinus in the apical four chamber view? Correct
Answer: From the apical four chamber you you would angle inferior in order to visualize the
coronary sinus, which is located posterior to the mitral annulus.
Why is it important to know the location of the coronary sinus and the descending aorta? Correct
Answer: Pericardial Effusions lie posterior to the coronary sinus and anterior to the descending
aorta.
Pleural effusions lie posterior to the descending aorta.
What is another name for the RVOT? Correct Answer: Infundibulum
Where is the coronary sinus located in the parasternal long axis view? Correct Answer: The
coronary sinus lies in the posterior AV groove. This groove is located between the LA and LV
walls and lies posterior to be MV. In the parasternal long axis view, the coronary sinus can
sometimes be seen as a small echo free circle.
What would cause the coronary sinus to become dilated? Correct Answer: The coronary sinus
dialates due to increased pressure in the RA, increased flow to coronary sinus.
Describe the anatomy of the tricuspid valve, including the name and location if each leaflet.
Correct Answer: Location is between the Right atria and right ventricle.
It has three leaflets: anterior, posterior, and medial or (septal) leaflets.
The names reflect the anatomical relationship to the right ventricle. The medial leaflet is
connected to the septal wall. It's insertion is located closer to the cardiac apex than that of the
anterior mitral valve leaflet.
Name and describe two main layers of the pericardium? Correct Answer: Often referred to as 2
main layers as visceral and parietal. This visceral layer lies directly upon external surface of the
heart and is commonly referred as the epicardium. The parietal or fibrous pericardium is the
thick outer sac. Pericardial cavity lies between the two layers.
Anatomically 3 layers are: serous visceral, serous parietal, fibrous pericardium.
Name the three major coronary arteries. Correct Answer: The three major coronary arteries are
the right, left ant descending (LAD), and the circumflex arteries
The heart tube loops _______ at day ____ Correct Answer: The heart tube loops
ANTERIORLY and RIGHTWARD at day 22
,The AV canal is a large communication between the __________ and ________ Correct
Answer: Primitive atria and primitive ventricle
The ________ divides the AV canal into right and left AV orifices Correct Answer: Endocardial
cushions
The ductus arteriosus closes after birth due to increased systemic pressure and becomes the
_______ Correct Answer: Ligamentum arteriosum
What are the two Right to Left shunts in the normal fetal circulation? Correct Answer: Foreman
ovale
Ductus arteriosus
Following electrical depolarization of the myocardial cell membrane, which ion rushes in first
and which ion rushes in later? Correct Answer: Sodium is a rest
* Calcium is 2nd and responsible for contraction
Where is a subaortic membrane (DSS) located? Correct Answer: just below the Aortic Valve
Tricuspid Valve leaflets seen in the PSAX-Aortic valve Correct Answer: Medial (septal)
Anterior
Name the cardiac walls supplied by each of the coronary arteries. Correct Answer: Normally,
the major coronary arteries supply the cardiac walls as follows (based on the ASE 17 segment
model):
right coronary artery
a) inferior wall
b) inferoseptal
c) right ventricular apex
d) right ventricular free wall.
**RIGHT= inferior, septals, right
Left anterior descending artery - LAD Correct Answer: a) anterior wall
b) anteroseptal
c) left ventricular apex
**LEFT = anterior, apical, left
Circumflex artery Correct Answer: a) anterior lateral wall
b) inferolateral wall
CIRC = laterals
What walls do the LAD supply? Correct Answer: Anterior IVS, Anterior Left Ventricle and
Apex
, What walls do the CX supply? Correct Answer: Anterolateral and inferolateral
What walls do the Posterior descending artery supply? Correct Answer: Inferior Left Ventricle,
Inferior Right Ventricle and Inferior IVS
The LAD lies in the _______ interventricular sulcus? Correct Answer: anterior
walls and coronary artery circulation on PLAX?. Correct Answer: 1. anterior RVOT - RCA
2. anterior IVS - LAD
3. inferolateral - CX/RCA
walls and coronary artery circulation on PSAX? Correct Answer: 1. anterior IVS - LAD
2. anterior - LAD
3. anterolateral - CX/LAD
4. inferolateral - CX/RCA
5. inferior - Posterior descending
6. inferior IVS - Posterior descending /LAD
walls and coronary artery circulation A4? Correct Answer: 1. anterolateral - CX/LAD
2. apex - LAD
3. inferior IVS - LAD/RCA
4. lateral Right Ventricle - RCA
walls and coronary artery circulation Apical 2 Ch? Correct Answer: 1. anterior - LAD
2. apex - LAD
3. inferior - Posterior descending artery (of the RCA)
The circumflex artery supplies? Correct Answer: anterolateral and inferolateral walls
The Posterior descending artery ( of the right coronary artery) supplies? Correct Answer:
inferior Left Ventricle, inferior Right Ventricle and inferior IVS
The anterior septum and anterior wall of the Left Ventricle is supplied by the? Correct Answer:
LAD
The anterolateral, lateral and inferolateral walls of the Left Ventricle are supplied by the? Correct
Answer: Circumflex
The inferior wall of the Left Ventricle and inferior septum are supplied by the? Correct Answer:
Posterior descending artery
The cardiac apex is supplied by the? Correct Answer: LAD
Which coronary artery provides blood to the Right Ventricle? Correct Answer: RCA
