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Essay Unit 14C - Applications of Organic Chemistry - isomerism
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Essay Unit 14C - Applications of Organic Chemistry - isomerism
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Unit 14C: Applications of Organic Chemistry - isomerismWhat is an isomer?
An isomer is a molecule that has the same formula but is arranged in a different way.
What different types of isomerism is there?
Chain isomers
Functional group isomers
Optical isomers
Geometrical isomers
Positional isomers
Definition of a chain structural isomer:
Same molecular formula but a different arrangement of carbon atoms.
The chain structural isomers of pentane
Why are these an example of a chain structural isomer?
They each have the same structural formula C3H12 but each one has a different arrangement.
What special properties will the structural isomer have?
When you make a chain isomer there is a change in their physical properties. In the case of
pentane 2 Methylbutane and 2,2 demethylpropane the boiling point decreases.
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, How does this relate to pentane and your isomers?
Pentane Boiling point – 36.1 degrees Celsius
2 methylbutane boinling point – 27.8 degrees Celsius
2,2 demethylpropane boiling point – 10 degrees Celsius
Definition of a positional structural isomer:
Positional isomers have the same molecular formula but the functional group present can be
attached to a different carbon.
Why are these an example of a positional structural isomer?
Each have the same structural formula of C5H11OH but each one has the OH group present on
a different carbon.
What special properties will the positional structural isomer have?
These molecules will have different chemical properties. In the case of these alcohol molecules
they will form a different product when reacted.
How does this relate to Pentan-1-ol and your isomers?
Pentan 1 Ol – make aldehyde or carboxylic acids
Pentan 2 Ol – makes Ketone
Definition of a functional group structural isomers:
Functional group isomers have the same molecular formula but the functional group present
can be attached to a different carbon.
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