This set of notes is a summary of the key notes for the PDHPE year 12 core 1 'Health Priorities In Australia' from core question 1 'How are priority issues for Australia’s health identified?. They directly correlate to the syllabus key points and will provide the most beneficial information.
CQ1. How are priority issues for Australia’s health identified?
Using Epidemiology to Measure Health Status
● Health status (overall wellness of a population)
● Epidemiology
○ study of patterns of disease within a population
○ provides insight into the health issues affecting a country
○ utilised by the government and other health organisations to answer the
inquiries:
■ What issues affect the population the most?
■ Are there health inequalities between groups?
■ Where should resources be directed? (e.g CVD is quite common, however
affect more ATSI individuals, hence resources should be targeted at them)
■ limitations like its inability to answer why these specific disease affects a
population, doesn't take into account the determinants of health or
quality of life as well as the other dimensions of health
● Prevalence and Incidence
○ types of data that can be collected for epidemiology
○ prevalence- number of existing cases of a disease within a population at a specific
time
○ incidence- amount of new cases of a disease occurring within a certain time frame
● Measures
○ morbidity
■ number of cases of a particular disease within a population
■ e.g the number of obesity in Australia is increasing
■ conditions with a high morbidity affect a large portion of the community,
hence the government and health organisations will prioritise them
○ mortality
■ number of deaths within a population over a period of time
■ e.g lung cancer mortality rates are decreasing for males but increasing for
females
■ conditions with a high or rapidly increasing mortality rates takes the lives
of a large sum of the population, hence they become a priority
○ infant mortality
■ number of deaths among children under the age of 1 (per 1000 live births
per year) within a population over a period of time
■ e.g infant mortality in Australia is decreasing and already quite low which
suggests improvement of medical diagnosis of illnesses and public
sanitation and better health education and support services for parents
○ life expectancy
■ average number of years an individual is expected to live
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