PATHOLOGY FINAL EXAM (Study Guide Questions & Answers)

PATHOLOGY FINAL EXAM (Study Guide Questions & Answers) A 56-year-old patient arrives to the ER with extreme shortness of breath. Upon observation, you note that the patient has an increased AP chest diameter, using accessory muscles and pursed-lips to breathe. The following ABG results are available. Based on this data, what treatment would you recommend? pH 7.28 PaCO2 97 mmHg HCO3 37 mmHg PaO2 40 mmHg A. Recommend administration of 50% FiO2 via venturi mask and monitor closely B. Administer K+ and Cl- solutions via an IV C. Recommend initiation of BiPAP ventilation and 40% FiO2 D. Recommend intubation and mechanical ventilation with 100% FiO2 2. A 74-year-old man with a long history of emphysema and chronic bronchitis enters the ER in respiratory distress. His RR is 34/minute and labored. His HR is 115/minute and BP is 170/120. What is the clinical interpretation of the following ABG (in addition to hypoxemia)? pH 7.51 PaCO2 68 mmHg PaO2 49 mmHg HCO3- 53 mEq/L A. Acute alveolar hyperventilation B. Acute ventilatory failure C. Acute alveolar hyperventilation superimposed on chronic ventilatory failure D. Acute ventilatory failure superimposed on chronic ventilatory failure 3. A 74-year-old patient with a long history of COPD enters the ER in respiratory distress. His respiratory rate is 34/min and labored. His heart rate is 115/min and temperature is 101.9 degrees F. His ABG values are as follows: pH 7.57 PaCO2 68 mmHg HCO3- 37 mM/L PaO2 49 mmHg What treatment would you recommend for this patient? A. Recommend administration of K+ and Cl- IV solution B. Mechanical ventilation with a FiO2 of 60% C. Recommend administration of BiPAP and FiO2 of 100% D. Administer 30% O2 via a venturi mask and suggest a course of antibiotic therapy 4. A bony abnormality that exist when the sternum bulges outward (pigeon breast) is known as: A. Pectus excavatum B. Kyphosis C. Scoliosis D. Pectus carinatum 5. In which of the pulmonary disorders would you expect to see a faster respiratory rate and decreased tidal volume? A. Pulmonary fibrosis B. Emphysema C. Asthma D. Chronic bronchitis 6. A patient’s electrolyte panel reveals a K+ level of 3.0 mEq/L and a Cl- level of 73 mEq/L. This would documented as: A. Hypocarbia and hypochromia B. Hypocalcemia and hypocapnia C. Hypoglycemia and hypoxemia D. Hypochloremia and hypokalemia 7. An abnormal pulsation that exist as a result of right ventricular heart failure is known as: A. Clubbing B. Abdominal paradox C. Right ventricular heave D. Cor pulmonale 8. Confusion and agitation may be seen in patients with severe hypoxemia. This is due to the effects of: A. Hepatomegaly B. Cerebral hypoxia C. Hyperventilation D. Cor Pulmonale 9. Decrease of white blood cells is known as: A. Leukocytosis B. Leukopenia C. Anemia D. Polycythemia 10. Diffusion of oxygen from the air through the A/C membrane to the blood is known as: A. External respiration B. Internal respiration C. Marked breathing D. External resonance 11. During an assessment of a patient, the RCP places her hand on a patient’s right lower lobe and asks the patient to repeat “99”. Findings include decreased tactile fremitus in the RLL as compared to the left. This finding is consistent with: A. Pleural effusion of the RLL B. Pneumothorax of the LLL C. Pneumonia of the RLL D. Atelectasis of the RLL 12. Guillian-Barre is which type of dysfunction? A. CNS B. Pulmonary dysfunction C. Neuromuscular D. Musculoskeletal 13. Hepatomegaly, jugular venous distension, and a right ventricular heave are consistent with what clinical condition? A. Right heart failure B. Congestive heart failure C. Tension pneumothorax D. Severe asthma 14. How far above the carina should the tip of the endotracheal tube be seen on the chest x-ray? A. 5 to 7 cm B. 4 to 6 cm C. 2 to 3 cm D. 7 to 9 cm 15. Increased resonance to percussion is associated with which of the following conditions? A. Pneumonia B. Lung tumor C. Emphysema D. Pleural Effusion 16. Inward movement of the abdomen with each inspiratory effort is known as: A. Paradoxical pulse B. Respiratory alternans C. Hepatomegaly D. Abdominal paradox 17. It is best to hyperventilate a ventilated patient with a head injury. This helps by producing _______________, which in turn will result in _______________ and reduce the ICP. A. Acidosis; vasoconstriction B. Alkalosis; vasodilatation C. Alkalosis; vasoconstriction D. Acidosis; vasodilatation. We offer online tutoring, help with assignments and essay writing for all Majors with a guaranteed pass. For assistance Contact Tutor Lucas: