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Summary of Ethics and the Future of Business
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1. Lisanne26 september 2022 om 21:19:50
What is morality, ethics and an
ethical theory?
2. Lisanne
26 september 2022 om 21:20:13
What is the difference between
ethics and the law?
3. Lisanne
26 september 2022 om 21:20:32
Which dimensions of the Moral
Machine experience more
agreement?
Ethics and the Future of Business
4. Lisanne
26 september 2022 om 21:21:02
Which cultural differences come
Lecture 1: Morality and Ethics
through in the Moral Machine
1 Morality = Human’s ability to distinguish between right and wrong
when comparing Western, Eastern Ethics = The systematic study of morality
and Southern cultures? Ethical theories = Principles and rules that determine right and wrong in different situations
Normative theories = The study how we OUGHT to behave
5. Lisanne Ethics rationalizes morality to produce ethical theory that can be applied to any situation
26 september 2022 om 21:22:33
What are the core normative Ethics
theories in Modernist Western - Ethics typically examine right and wrong from the perspective of a human being
thinking? What are the core ideas (anthropocentric)
of each? - What kind of moral principles should guide our actions?
- What kind of aims should we have?
- Ethical theories can give contradictory solutions to the same problem
2 Do we need ethics when we have the law?
- In society, morality is the foundation of the law
- Law and ethics are partly overlapping. Nonetheless:
- The law does not cover all ethical issues (cheating)
- Not all legal issues are ethical (driving on the right side of the road)
- Law and ethics can involve contradictions (Apartheid)
Trolley dilemma = Would you kill one person to save five?
- One person on track, answer mostly yes
- Push one person from a bridge, answer mostly no
3 Moral machine
- Social preferences
4 - Culture differences
5 Normative ethical theories
Principles —> Action
- (3) Ethics of duties — Kant
- Central concepts: duty, consistency, dignity, and universality
- Involve humans ability to develop moral law and moral laws
- Develops principles or categorial imperatives (universal applicability : “act only so that the
will through its maxims could regard itself at the same time as universally lawgiving”, respect
for persons: “act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another,
always as an end and never as a means only”) to guide our actions
- 1: Action: Fits with the moral law/duty
- 2: Motive: Doing one’s duty
- Filmpje, Filmpje
- Car: determine general rules that apply to all — the one who generates mobility risks
cannot sacrifice non-involved individuals
- (4) Rights and justice — Locke and Rawls
, 6. Lisanne
26 september 2022 om 21:22:51
What are alternative theories to
Modernist Western normative
theories described above?
- Involves certain basic, important, inalienable entitlements that should be respected and
protected in every single situation (right to life, freedom, property, speech, privacy,
conscience, and fair trial)
- Veil of ignorance: looking at the world from behind a veil, whereas being born is like a lottery,
what would you want the world to look like? Filmpje
- Car: we can neither discriminate by age, gender, physical appearance, or status, nor can we
take someone’s life for crossing a red light
Action —> Outcome
- (1) Ethical egoism
- An action is morally right if the decision-maker freely decides in order to pursue either (short-
term) desires or their (long-term) interests
- Car: protect people inside the car
- (2) Utilitarianism
- An act is morally right if it results in the greatest amount of good to the greatest amount of
people affected by the action
- Act utilitarianism: whether a single act is right or wrong depends on the amount of common
good it produces
- Rule utilitarianism: focuses on creating rules that produce the most common good
- Car: conduct a cost/benefit analysis of what causes the most benefit or less harm in each
situation
6 Alternative perspectives on ethics
- Virtue ethics
- Feminist ethics
- Discourse ethics
- Postmodern ethics
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