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Sport and health1. Exercise is medicine
Long term benefits of exercise: brain, muscles, psychological
Breathing is important to see
Guidelines physical activity: 44% voldoet hieraan
- Minimaal 150 min per week matig/zware insanning(kinderen 1 uur per dag)
- Spier en botversterkende activiteiten 2x per week(kinderen 3x per week)
- Voorkom dat je veel moet zitten
Exercise as therapy in chronic disease like psychiatric, metabolic, cardiovascular, pulmonary
disorders.
Exercise as least as effective as drugs on mortality rates off:
- Heart failure
- ..
Farnacotherapeutisch kompas: all drugs are here with the contraindications
Cancer: where is exercise important for?
- Less fatigue
- Less anxiety and depression
- Improves physical function
- Improves quality of live
Also rehab is important, but you also have tot do it before and during the treatment
Indications: cardiovascular disease:
Drivers where compared with conductors: coronary heart disease(smalle aders) was higher on
the drivers.
Diabetes 2:
People get metformine and they were compared with a placebo pil and the lifestyle. People with
the right lifestyle had the highest race of. (mensen met een goede lifestyle verbeteren beter)
Depression:
,Pain:
Exercise has a good impact on pain and also important to quality of life. Physical activity is an
intervention with few adverse events that may improve pain severity and physical function.
Training before surgery has a good effect on people.
Immunsystem will get better when you exercise more. It invloans also the metabolic system.
Summary:
Side effect of exercise:
- Injuries:
- Muscle-tendon
- Bone
- Joint-cartilage-ligaments
- Sudden cardiac death: very uncommon
Exercise is safe during pregnancy. Pregnant women should follow the guidelines.
Contraindications: watch your exercise. Don’t do it too much.
- Age, family history, smoking, lifestyle, obesity, pre-diabites.
Signs or symptoms:
- Pain, dizziness or syncope, ankle edema, intermittent claudication
- Unusual fatigue or shortness breath with usual activities
The contradictions are justed for screening people
warning/precautions: start low and go slow. Do combine with healthy food and plenty of water.
Do not combine smoking and don’t do it in heat. Watch out for addiction: kicked off drug use, but
became addicted to running.
,In case of contra-indications and risk factors: preparticipation(PPE)
- While someone is exercising, their heart, lungs and muscles are being watched. Also the
VO2 max is important: cardiorespiratory fitness.
- Low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with a high risk of
cardiovascular disease, all-cause mortality, and mortality rates attributable to
various cancers.
- You can translate it into an equivalent(MET): you can combine these.
- Lichte intensiteit < 3 MET
- Gemiddelde intensiteit: 3-6 MET
- Zware intensiteit > 6 METs
- The addition of CRF for risk classification presents health professionals with
unique opportunities to improve patient management and to encourage lifestyle-
based strategies designed to reduce cardiovascular risk.’
Dose: dose-response associations between accelerometry measured physical activity and
sedentary time and all cause mortality: systematic review and harmonised meta-analysis
How much should we exercise?
- General rule: 30 minutes
FITT: frequency intensity time type
Exercise is medicine:
1. physical inactivity is pandemic
2. Cardiorespiratory fitness is a vital sign
3. Prescribe exercise to your patient
1. Physical activity is good for hearts, body and minds: it can reduce symptoms of
depression and anxiety. And it can prevent and help manage heart disease, diabetes
and cancer.
2. WHO recommends 150-300 minutes in a week. For children this should be 60 min a
day.
Load vs. loading capacity:
- Extrinsic factors: training, techniques, material, diet, medication
- Intrinsic factors: gender, age, body shape, previous injuries
, When there’s a disbalance between load(frequency, time, how many steps) and
loading capacity(how much stress a tissue can withstand) → injuries
VO2max is higher by a higher load.
Article 1:
Physical inactivity and non-communicable disease burden in low-income, middle-
income and high-income countries.
Inactivity is a risk factor for premature mortality and several non-communicable diseases. The
purpose of this study was to estimate the global burden(wereldwijde last) associated with physical
inactivity, and to examine differences by country income and region. Population-level, prevalence-
based population attributable risks (PAR) were calculated for 168 countries to estimate how much
disease could be averted if physical inactivity were eliminated. We calculated PARs (percentage of
cases attributable to inactivity) for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality and non-
communicable diseases including coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes,
dementia, depression and cancers of the bladder, breast, colon, endometrium, oesophagus,
stomach and kidney. Globally, 7.2% and 7.6% of all-cause and cardiovascular disease deaths,
respectively, are attributable to physical inactivity. The proportions of non-communicable diseases
attributable to physical inactivity range from 1.6% for hypertension to 8.1% for dementia. There was
an increasing gradient across income groups; PARs were more than double in high-income
compared with low-income countries. However, 69% of total deaths and 74% of cardiovascular
disease deaths associated with physical inactivity are occurring in middle-income countries, given
their population size. Regional differences were also observed, with the PARs occurring in Latin
America/Caribbean and high-income Western and Asia-Pacific countries, and the lowest burden
occurring in Oceania and East/Southeast Asia.The global burden associated with physical inactivity
is substantial. The relative burden is greatest in high-income countries; however, the greatest
number of people (absolute burden) affected by physical inactivity are living in middle-income
countries given the size of their populations.
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