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Summary Complete orthodontics summery for all years of Dentistry $23.57   Add to cart

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Summary Complete orthodontics summery for all years of Dentistry

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Providing an in-depth description of all the required topics for 5th-year dentistry students, the notes are based on - An Introduction to Orthodontics (by Laura Mitchell) -Handbook of Orthodontics (by Martyn T. Cobourne) The notes were made to summaries all topics for studying oral and written ...

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Orthodontics first semester notes
By: Mohammed Shubbar

, 1. classification of malocclusion




Angle’s classification

Class I or neutrocclusion: the mesiobuccal cusp of the first upper molar occludes with the mesiobuccal
groove of the lower first molar.

Class II or distocclusion: The mesiobuccal cusp of the first upper molar occludes mesial to the
mesiobuccal groove of the mandibular first molar.

Class II, Division 1: The anterior maxillary teeth are tilted forward or proclined, presenting a
large overjet.

Class II, Division 2: The anterior maxillary teeth are retroclined, creating a deep overbite.

Class III or mesioocclusion: The mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first molar falls distal to the mesiobuccal
groove of the lower first molar.

,British Standards Institute classification (Ballard’s classification):

Class I: the lower incisor edges occlude with or lie immediately below the cingulum plateau of the upper
central incisors.

Class II: the lower incisor edges lie posterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors.

Division 1: the upper central incisors are proclined or of average inclination and there is an
increase in overjet.

Division 2 — The upper central incisors are retroclined. The overjet is usually minimal or may be
increased.

Class III: The lower incisor edges lie anterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors. The overjet is
reduced or reversed

, Summers occlusal index: It is popular in America, particularly for research purposes.

nine defined parameters:

1- molar relationship
2- overbite
3- overjet
4- posterior crossbite
5- posterior open bite
6- tooth displacement
7- midline relation
8- maxillary median diastema
9- absent upper incisors

Baume classification

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