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P6 Task 1 Explain the chemical reactions carried out in terms of the functional
groups and reaction conditions involved
Experiment 1 aspirin
Chemicals and apparatus
- Deionised water
- 3 decimal place mass balance
- 25cm3 pear shaped flask
-10 cm3 measuring cylinder
-ice bath
-hot water bath
- buchner funnel
- watch glass
- suction apparatus
- labels/suitable pen
- filter paper
- melting point apparatus/ thiele tube
2-hydroxybenzenecarboxylic acid
- capillary tube
- concentrated H3PO4 solution
- (CH3CO)2O
- concentrated H3PO4 solution
Method (Classroom content)
Step 1 weigh out 1.0g of salicylic acid once done transfer to a round bottomed flask.
Step 2 you will need to add 2 cm3 of (CH3CO)2O as well as 8 drops of the
concentrated H3PO4 also known as phosphoric acid solution.
Step 3 make sure to connect the reflux condenser.
Step 4 make sure to warm up the mixture in a hot water bath and make sure all the
solid dissolves after that warm up for another few minutes.
Step 5 cautiously add 5cm3 of cold deionised water to the actual solution after stand
the flask in a bath of iced water all the way until precipitation appears to be
, complete it might also be useful to stir continuously with the glass rod to start the
precipitation process.
Step 6 you will now need to filter the mixture under reduced pressure of course this
is to obtain impure derivative moreover wash with a bit of cold water.
Step 7 using the boiling tube in the water bath make sure to dissolve the impure
product in the least amount of warm ethanol.
Step 8 Add 5cm3 of warm water if solution becomes cloudy heat it until it becomes
clear again.
Step 9 After place the boiling tube into the ice water for a good 15 minutes or till the
crystals have stopped forming.
Step 10 Make sure to filter the purified derivative under reduced pressure.
Step 11 After dry the purified product using the filter paper.
Step 12 Collect the sample using a dry pre-weighed sample vial after calculate the
mass of the product this will help you in calculating the percentage yield of the
product.
Step 13 Measure the melting point of the product after.
(chemistry chem.latech.edu Synthesis of Aspirin Author unknown, 2022)
Balanced chemical equation C7H6O3 + (CH3CO)2O= C9H804 + CH3COOH
Functional groups involved R-COOH which is a carboxylic acid and CO which is an ester
as well as a anhydride
Reaction mechanism involves the use of salicylic acid reacting with the excess of acetic
anhydride moreover sulfuric acid was used as the catalyst and the excess acetic anhydride is
reacted with water.
Aspirin was prepared through a chemical synthesis from salicylic acid through acetic
anhydride and acetylation.
Synthesis of aspirin is an exothermic reaction
Synthesis of aspirin is an esterification reaction
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