IL CADC 100% CORRECT ANSWERS/VERIFIED

IL CADC 100% CORRECT ANSWERS/VERIFIEDKey components of addiction/dependence 1.Compulsion-Loss of control/choice. 2. Continued use despite adverse consequences 3. Cravings 4. Denial Addiction A chronic disorder precipitated by a combination of genetic, biological/pharmacological and social factors. Also characterized by compulsive, at time uncontrollable drug cravings, seeking, and use that persist even in the face of extremely negative consequences. Dependence Is usually accompanied by tolerance and withdrawal, also generally associated with a wide range or social, legal, psychiatric, and medical problems The Continuum of Alcohol and other Drug Use Use Misuse Abuse Dependency Stages of addiction 1. USE- The use of drugs or alcohol in a socially accepted or medically sanctioned manner to modify or control mood 2. MISUSE -Taking drugs or alcohol in damaging quantities other than the prescribed dosage or the use of illicit drugs 3. ABUSE- Is typified by the continued use of alcohol or other drugs in spite of negative consequences. 4. DEPENDENCY- Is characterized by the repeated, compulsive seeking or use of substance despite adverse social, psychological and or physical consequences. Symptoms of the four Stages of Addiction 1. Use - lack of tolerance control the use not yet interfering with lifestyle. 2. Misuse-Tolerance begin to develop - Use may still be controlled and the effect is anticipated. 3. Abuse - Preoccupied with mood swing - high tolerance - increase in frequency in use - solitary use occurs -loss of control-lifestyle begins to change- black outs occur more frequent- violates own value system-experiences many consequences - deterioration of relationships,work and financial problems-denial grows 4. Chronic Dependency/Addiction- uses to feel normal and avoid pain. complete loss of control-feels very alone- isolated Reinforcers within the cycle of addiction Psychological aspects Biological aspects Social aspects Psychological aspects - Substance fulfills multiple functions such as - enhance sex,, enhance social situations, boost users sense of self worth, alleviate stress and tension and relieve painful feelings. As the substance user becomes increasingly dependent on the drug/alcohol to fulfill unmet needs and compensate for deficits in coping skills their capacity to manage life's problems diminishes. Confidence in regulating ones moods and self esteem are lost. Biological aspects Alcohol and other drugs significantly affect the reward/pleasure centers. Addiction alters the pathways in the brain's pleasure centers, stealing the brain's normal ability to experience pleasure. He loses his ability to experience pleasure from normal life experiences creating the dependency on the drug to experience pleasure. It can become a ceaseless craving for the drug. Social aspects Due to the social networks woven between users, substances often become a crucial part of one's identity. A cultural sense of bonding and belonging develop around the substance and it's users. The substance serves as a social lubricant. Theories of Causation The moral model The disease model The genetic model The cultural model The blended model The Moral Model Addiction is the result of human weakness and are defects of character The Disease Model Addiction is an illness comes about as a result of the impairment of healthy neuro-chemical or behavioral process This popular model is credited to E.M. Jellinek The Blended Model Considers elements of all other models and holds that the mechanism of dependency is different for different individuals, and that each case must be considered on its own merits. The Genetic Model Posits a genetic predispostion to certain behaviors. There is strong evidence that genetic predisposition is often a factor in dependency. The Cultural Model Recognizes that the influence of culture is a strong determinant of whether or not individuals fall prey to certain addictions. Ex- Saudi Arabians prohibits alcohol use and alcoholism is rare them. The Stages of Change Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintance Precontemplation Not yet acknowledging that there is a problem behavior that needs to be changed Contemplation Acknowledging that there is a problem but not yet ready or sure of wanting to make a change. Preparation Getting ready to change Action Changing behaviors Maintenance Maintaining the behavior change or Relapse Stimulants Cocaine, crack cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamine, nicotine, caffeine Narcotics/Opioids opium, morphine, heroine, codeine, fentanykl, oxycontin, destromethorphan, methadone, bupreorphine, naloxone Cannabis Marijuana and hashish Depressants Alcohol, sedatives and tranquilizers Hallucinogens PCP, LSD Ectasy and drugs found in natural plants..mescaline and psilocybin (mushrooms) This drugs are either natural substances or drugs made synthetically. Inhalants Usually aerosols or solvents that are inhaled...spray paints. Inhalants come in the forms of volatile solvents gases, aerosols and nitrites. Developmental Model of Recovery Transition the period of time needed for the addicted individual to come to grips with the realization that safe use of alcohol/drugs for them is not possible. Stabilization -during which the chemically dependent person experiences physical withdrawl and other medical problems and learns how to seperate from people, things that promote substance abuse. Early Recovery - when an individual faces the need to establish a chemical-free lifestyle and build relationships hat support long-term recover. Middle Recovery - seen as the time for the development of a balanced lifestyle where repairing past damage is important. Late Recovery - during which the individual identifies and changes mistaken beliefs about oneself, others and the world that caused or promoted irrational thinking. Maintenance - the lifelong process of continued growth, development, and managing routine life problems. Screening Answers one question: Is there a need for assessment or evaluation because it is likely that the person has a substances problem? Process to determine if person seeking services is eligilble and appropriate for admitting to agency. Applicable laws and Regulations 1. Federal 2. Precedent by case law 3. Reasonable person test (Common Sense) 4.Regulations or Administrative laws 5.Contracts Tolerance The body has adapted to the substance Withdrawl Symptoms characterized by dysphoria Recovery is a process by which abusing/addicted person accepts that they have a problem they need hkelp to overcome. Must take individual responsibility. Comprehensive Assessment Determines the nature and complexity of the individuals problem. 5 Objectives 1. Id potential sub users 2. Assess full spectrum of treatment problem 3. Plan appropriate intervention 4. Involve family members in all aspects of intervention and Tx 5. Evaluate the effectiveness of interventions that are actually used. Related problem areas probed into during assessment 1. General medical status and problems 2. Infectious Disease 3. Psychological status and possible psychiatric disorders 4. Psychiatric disorders 5. History of trauma 6. Social functioning 7. Family and peer relations 8. Educational and job performance 9. Criminal and delinquent behaviors and legal problems 10. Socioeconomic status and difficulties Three basic steps to assessment Information gathering Data analysis Treatment plan development Forms developed for conduction assessment Interviews Referred to as biopsychosocial assessment. They exam the individuals physical, psychological and emotional functioning Testing instruments Standardized Interviews Structured Interviews Self-administer test Used to assess individuals on multiple dimension such as personality, aggression tendencies, social skills. stress factors, risk for substance abuse and intellectual capacity Standardized Interview Limits the interviewer to a prescribed style and list of questions. Is restricted from probing beyond the questions included in the interview. Preferred to support significant decisions such as in legal action or custody questions Structured Interview The primary interview is prescribed, but the interviewer is free to ask probing or clarifying questions. Data analysis Info is used for clinical decision-making. Service provider determine the severity of the persons alcohol or drug problem possible contributing factors and his readiness for intervention. The info forms a basis for developing a TX Plan. A formal dx can only be provided by credentialed professional such as a Dr. licensed clinical social worker or nurse practitioner. Treatment Plan Development Treatment planning establishes collaboration between counselor and client and acts as a guide for treatment process. . Basic Components of a treatment plan Diagnosis Problem Goals Objectives Interventions Services with frequencies Clinical and credentials Diagnostic Criteria allows clinician to plan treatment and monitor treatment progress. DSM-IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual or Mental Disorders 4th Edition Has been designed for use across settings-inpatient. outpatient, partial hospital, consultation-liaison, clinic, private practice and primary care and with community populations and psychiatrists, psychologist , social workers, , nurses, occupational and rehabilitation therapist, counselors and other health and mental health professionals. The five axes of DSM Axis I Major mental disorders, developmental disorders and learning disabilities Axis II underlying pervasive or personality conditions, as well as mental retardation Axis III Any Social functioning and impact of symptoms Axis IV Social functioning and impact of symptoms Axis V Global Assessment of Functioning (On scale from 100-0) ICD International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health ASAM American Society of Addiction Medicine Patient Placement Criteria Provides two sets of guidelines one for adults and one for adolescents with 5 broad levels of care for each group. Level 0.5 Early Intervention Level I Outpatient Treatment Level II Intensive Outpatient/Partial Hospitalization Level III Residential/Inpatient Treatment Level IV Medically-Managed Intensive Inpatient Treatment Risk Assessment Important role during screening and assessment is to observe the client and assess for signs of psychoactive substance toxicity, intoxication, and withdrawal; aggression or danger to others; potential for self-inflicted harm or suicide and coexisting mental health problems. If Risk Assessment is found counselor must Take immediate action to get the client to medical care, psychiatric care or other safe intervention. If necessary, law enforcement or emergency medical personnel shoudlj be summoned in order to assure safe transfer of client to the appropriate location Signs of toxicity or intoxication Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Agitation Lethargy or stupor progressing to coma Increased or decreased heart rate Lack of Coordination Risk Assessment for Violence Counselor should be screening for risk of violence or suicide during the screening process Hitsory that may increase a person's risk for violence toward others include Young age at first violent incident Relationship instability Employment problems Substance use problems Major mental illness such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder Personality traits that deviate from norms, such as manipulation and exploring other fro personal gain Early maladjustment or trauma personality disorder such as paranoia failure to respond to clinical supervision or treatment in he past Clinical Indicators that contribute to risk for violent behavior Lack of insight or difficulty understanding cause and effect Negative attitude Active symptoms of major mental illness Impulsivity unresponsiveness torreatment