Exam (elaborations)
Immunology MCQ
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Exam of 5 pages for the course med111 at A university (Immunology MCQ)
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ImmunologyDeficiencies in cell-mediated immunity are associated with:
A Poor outcome from gram positive bacterial infections (True)
B Thymic aplasia (True)
C Reduced reaction to tuberculin testing (True)
D Fatal viral infections in infants (True)
E Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (True)
Comments:
Since CD4 cells are necessary for good B cell functioning, viral, bacterial and fungal infections all occur.
In addition, there is decreased immune surveillance resulting in an increased incidence in tumours.
Infections will occur as transferred maternal antibody levels decline.
Early infections: Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, chronic rhinitis, otitis media, recurrent pneumonia,
diarrhoea.
Specific associations: Di George Syndrome - truncal defects and thymic aplasia (Catch 22 Syndrome),
HIV, generalised lymphadenopathy, chronic mucocutanous candidiasis involving particularly the nail
beds. Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome with eczema and thrombocytopenia; and ataxia telangiectasia with these
2 symptoms.
Copyright © 2002 Dr Colin Melville
Concerning the polymerase chain reaction:
A It can be used to replicate RNA but not DNA. (False)
B It relies of the thermal stability of DNA. (False)
C It cannot be used for prenatal diagnosis because of the large amount of
(False)
template DNA required.
D It involves the use of 2 synthetic small strands of DNA on either side of the
(True)
target sequence for amplification.
E It can be used to identify viral infection in host cells. (True)
Comments:
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a means of enzymatically amplifying a marker sequence of DNA
or RNA using specific short, synthetic probes to identify the sequence. If a DNA or RNA sequence is
known, the segment between the 2 probes can be amplified rapidly. Heat is used to separate the strands
of DNA so that the probes can bind, then the mixture is cooled to allow a thermo-stable DNA
preliminaries to work. The sequence is then repeated. A single strand of DNA can be multiplied very
rapidly and specifically. It is used extensively in prenatal diagnosis and microbiology laboratories
because of its sensitivity. Copyright © 2002 Dr Colin Melville
, Childhood immunisation with pertussis is absolutely contraindicated in:
A Immunocompromised patients (False)
B Down Syndrome (False)
C Cerebral palsy (False)
D Family history of convulsion (False)
E Rectal temperature of 38.5°C (False)
Comments:
Killed vaccine.
Contraindications:
Relative: acute illness. Severe local - use acellular vaccine.
Absolute: Severe generalised reaction (fever >39.5 within 48 hours), bronchospasm, laryngeal oedema,
collapse, prolonged unresponsiveness, prolonged inconsolable crying for more than 4 hours,
convulsions/encephalopathy within 72 hours.
Copyright © 2002 Dr Colin Melville
Concerning the polymerase chain reaction
A It can be used to replicate RNA but not DNA. (False)
B It relies of the thermal stability of DNA. (False)
C It cannot be used for prenatal diagnosis because of the large amount of
(False)
template DNA required.
D It involves the use of 2 synthetic small strands of DNA on either side of the
(True)
target sequence for amplification.
E It can be used to identify viral infection in host cells. (True)
Comments:
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a means of enzymatically amplifying a marker sequence of DNA
or RNA using specific short, synthetic probes to identify the sequence. If a DNA or RNA sequence is
known, the segment between the 2 probes can be amplified rapidly. Heat is used to separate the strands
of DNA so that the probes can bind, then the mixture is cooled to allow a thermo-stable DNA
preliminaries to work. The sequence is then repeated. A single strand of DNA can be multiplied very
rapidly and specifically. It is used extensively in prenatal diagnosis and microbiology laboratories
because of its sensitivity.Copyright © 2002 Dr Colin Melville
The following may indicate underlying severe combined immunodeficiency:
A Platelet count of 40 (False)
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