Class notes from subjects: Oral Communication in Context, Practical Research 1, and Earth Science. With topics:
OralCom: Communication, Communication models, Functions
EarthSci: Minerals, Types of Rocks
PracRes: Phenomenological Research, Research Citations
Earth Science FINAL TERM REVIEWER - First Semester
TYPES OF ROCKS: Igneous, Sedimentary,
INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS (PLUTONIC)
Metamorphic
magma solidifies to igneous rock -> minerals are
What is a ROCK? formed -> slow rate of cooling -> forms large crystal
Most Common Intrusive Igneous Rocks
Rocks are combined aggregation of minerals
- Pegmatite, granite, diorite
- rocks are the product of minerals
- differ from one another in terms of color,
CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
size of particles, textures, and density
(COMPOSITION)
THE ROCK CYCLE
1.) Felsic - predominance of light color
mineral feldspar and silica in the form of
quartz; ex. granite, rhyolite
2.) Mafic - abundance of ferromagnetism
minerals with dark color plus plagiocase
feldspar
3.) Intermediate - composition between felsic
and mafic; contains equal amounts of light
and dark minerals; ex. andesite, dacite
4.) Ultramafic - extremely dark; composed of
mostly olivine and some pyroxene; more
magnesium, less silica
CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
IGNEOUS ROCKS
(TEXTURE)
● came from the latin word ‘ignis’, means 1.) Aphanitic (not visible) - fine grained rock;
fire from lava that crystallized; ex. basalt,
● product of hot substances such as andesite, rhyolite
magma/lava 2.) Phaneritic (visible) - coarse grained rocks,
Magma is the molten rock which is found inside a crystallize slowly below earths surface; ex.
volcano gabbro, diorite, granite
Lava is the molten rocks that flows out of the 3.) Porphyritic - large crystals with small
volcano during eruption crystals; ex. andesite porphyry, rhyolite
porphyry
CHARACTERISTICS OF IGNEOUS ROCKS 4.) Glassy - textures occur during some
● does not include any fossil deposits volcanic eruptions, crystallization can’t
● do not react with acids occur; ex. obsidian, pumice
● either glass or coarse 5.) Pyroclastic (igneous, fragment) - textures
● include more than one mineral deposit occur when explosive eruptions blast the
● mineral deposits are available in the form of lava; ex. very fine ash, agglomerates, tuffs
patches with different sizes
Types of Igneous Rocks SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
● Extrusive/Volcanic Rock ● derived from sediment -> loose
○ lava from an eruption, and when dried it accumulation of unconsolidated
forms into an extrusive rock fragments
● Intrusive/Plutonic Rock ● pressure from the addition of more
○ solidified magma that failed to reach the materials compacts the sediment,
surface of the earth expelling water and reducing pore
space
EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS (VOLCANIC) ● comes from igneous or metamorphic.
or from fossils
rapid rate of cooling -> less large crystal to form ->
gives extrusive igneous rock a fine-grained texture
Most Common Extrusive Igneous Rocks
- Obsidian, Scoria, Andesite, Pumice, Basalt
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