Biomedische fysica 1
Inhoud
Deel 1: foutenleer (zie ook aparte gedetailleerde samenvatting)..........................................................5
Afleesfout...........................................................................................................................................5
Absolute fout......................................................................................................................................5
Beduidende cijfers..............................................................................................................................5
Afronden en noteren van AF..............................................................................................................5
Benaderende foutentheorie...............................................................................................................5
Uitgebreide foutenleer.......................................................................................................................5
Deel 2: de lichtmicroscoop.....................................................................................................................6
1. Lichtbreking....................................................................................................................................6
2. Totale interne reflectie...................................................................................................................6
3. Beeldvorming bij eenvoudige lenzen..............................................................................................7
Positieve lenzen/bolle lenze...........................................................................................................7
Negatieve lenzen/holle lenzen.......................................................................................................7
4. Correctielenzen voor het menselijk oog.........................................................................................9
Myopie............................................................................................................................................9
Hyperopie.......................................................................................................................................9
Presbyopie......................................................................................................................................9
5. Vergrootglas...................................................................................................................................9
6. Beeldvorming in lichtmicroscoop (géén berekeningen)...............................................................10
Numerieke apertuur (N.A.)...........................................................................................................10
7. Lensfouten en correcties..............................................................................................................10
1. Chromatische aberratie/dispersie/ kleurschifting.....................................................................10
2. Sferische aberratie/apertuurfout..............................................................................................11
3. Distorsie/vervorming................................................................................................................11
Deel 3: materie en energie...................................................................................................................12
1. Materie.........................................................................................................................................12
1.1. Aggregatietoestanden = fasetoestanden...............................................................................12
1.2. Dichtheid...................................................................................................................................12
1.3. Druk...........................................................................................................................................12
Hoogteziekte en training..............................................................................................................13
Bloeddruk/arteriële druk..............................................................................................................13
Kalibratie van een pipet................................................................................................................13
, 2. Warmte.........................................................................................................................................14
2.1. Verschil tussen warmte, inwendige energie en temperatuur................................................14
2.2. Soortelijke warmte = warmte capaciteit................................................................................14
2.3. Latente warmte.....................................................................................................................14
2.4. Warmte overdracht...............................................................................................................15
3. Faseovergangen............................................................................................................................15
3.1. PV-diagram............................................................................................................................15
3.2. PT-diagram.............................................................................................................................16
3.3. Toepassingen.........................................................................................................................16
3.4. Metastabiele fasetoestanden................................................................................................17
4. Gassen..........................................................................................................................................18
4.1. Ideale gaswet/ wet van Boyle................................................................................................18
4.2. Verdampen en dampdruk......................................................................................................18
4.3. Partiële druk en luchtvochtigheid..........................................................................................18
4.4. De kinetische gastheorie........................................................................................................19
5. Vloeistoffen in beweging (vloeistofdynamica)..............................................................................20
5.1. Laminaire en turbulente stroom/Reynolds getal...................................................................20
5.1.1. Turbulentie van het bloed...................................................................................................20
5.2. Debiet en continuïteitsvergelijking........................................................................................20
5.3. Wet van Bernoulli..................................................................................................................21
5.4. Viscositeit..............................................................................................................................22
5.5. Wet van Poiseuille.................................................................................................................22
5.6. Oppervlaktespanning.............................................................................................................23
5.7. Capillariteit............................................................................................................................24
6. Oplossingen..................................................................................................................................24
6.1. Diffusie...................................................................................................................................24
6.2. Osmose en dialyse.................................................................................................................25
6.3. Oplosbaarheid.......................................................................................................................26
6.4. Kookpuntsverhoging en vriespuntsverlaging.........................................................................27
Deel 4: bewegingsleer..........................................................................................................................28
1. Inleidende begrippen....................................................................................................................28
2. Wetten van newton......................................................................................................................28
2.1. De eerste, tweede en derde wet van Newton.......................................................................28
2.2. Wrijvingskracht en weerstandskracht....................................................................................28
2.3. Gravitatiekracht en de zwaartekracht van de aarde..............................................................28
2.4. Opwaartse stuwkracht...........................................................................................................29
, 3. Cirkelvormige beweging...............................................................................................................29
3.1. Inleidende begrippen en definities........................................................................................29
3.2. Centripetale versnelling.........................................................................................................29
3.3. Centripetale kracht................................................................................................................29
3.4. De centrifuge.........................................................................................................................29
3.4.2. Relatieve centrifugale krachten vs. RPM.............................................................................30
3.4.3. Sedimentatiesnelheid.........................................................................................................30
3.4.4. Veiligheid............................................................................................................................30
3.4.5. Soorten centrifugatie..........................................................................................................30
Deel 5: basiskennis elektriciteit............................................................................................................31
1. Elektrische lading..........................................................................................................................31
2. Wet van Coulomb.........................................................................................................................31
3. Elektrisch veld...............................................................................................................................32
4. Elektrisch potentiaal.....................................................................................................................33
5. Elektrische stroom........................................................................................................................33
5.1. Inleiding.................................................................................................................................33
5.2. Stroomkring en -sterkte.........................................................................................................33
5.3. Stroomrichting.......................................................................................................................33
6. Elektrische weerstand...................................................................................................................34
6.1. Wet van Ohm.........................................................................................................................34
6.2. Wet van Pouillet....................................................................................................................34
6.3. Geleidend vermogen.............................................................................................................34
7. Elektrisch vermogen.....................................................................................................................35
7.1. Joule-effect............................................................................................................................35
8. Serie- en parallelschakeling..........................................................................................................35
9. Gevaren van elektriciteit...............................................................................................................35
9.1. Kortsluiting.............................................................................................................................35
9.2. Effect op menselijk lichaam...................................................................................................35
10. Beveiliging...................................................................................................................................36
Deel 6: elektroforese............................................................................................................................37
1. Inleiding........................................................................................................................................37
2. Migartiesnelheid...........................................................................................................................38
3. Elektrische opstelling en parameters............................................................................................39
3.1. Elektroforesekamer...............................................................................................................39
3.2. Bron.......................................................................................................................................39
3.3. Elektrisch veld en spanning....................................................................................................39
, 3.4. Warmteproductie en koeling.................................................................................................39
3.5. schakeling..............................................................................................................................40
4. Ongewenste effecten....................................................................................................................41
4.1. Diffusie...................................................................................................................................41
4.2. Convectie...............................................................................................................................41
5. Elektroforese van eiwitten............................................................................................................41
5.1. pKa, pl en pH..........................................................................................................................41
Deel 7: elektrochemie..........................................................................................................................42
1. inleiding........................................................................................................................................42
2. Normpotentiaal............................................................................................................................42
3. Elektrolyse....................................................................................................................................42
3.1. Voorbeelden..........................................................................................................................42
3.2. Wet van Faraday....................................................................................................................42
4. Galvanische cel of volta-element..................................................................................................42
4.1. Een Daniell-cel.......................................................................................................................42
4.2. Normpotentiaal van redoxkoppel bepalen............................................................................43
4.3. Wet van Ernst........................................................................................................................43
4.4. Potentiometrie......................................................................................................................43
4.5. pH-meting..............................................................................................................................43
Deel 8: elektromagnetisme..................................................................................................................44
1. magnetisme..................................................................................................................................44
2. Elektromagnetische golven...........................................................................................................45
3. Polarisatie en polarimeter............................................................................................................45
4. Refractometer..............................................................................................................................45
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