NUR 320 Exam 1: Respiratory, Perioperative Care, Electrolyte, Immunity

NUR 320 Exam 1: Respiratory, Perioperative Care, Electrolyte, Immunity An 82-year-old patient is admitted with pneumonia. The nurse monitors the patient's intake and output carefully, knowing that the patient is at risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalances primarily because a) Older adults are at an increased risk of impaired renal function. b) Older adults have an impaired level of consciousness and need to be reminded to drink fluids. c) Older adults are more likely than younger adults to lose extracellular fluid during severe illnesses. d) Small losses of fluid are more significant because body water accounts for only about 50% of body weight in older adults. - ANS-d) Small losses of fluid are more significant because body water accounts for only about 50% of body weight in older adults. Text Reference - p. 291 Which laboratory findings are consistent with the diagnosis of milk-alkali syndrome? a) Calcium levels of 7 mg/dL b) Calcium levels of 15 mg/dL c) Phosphate levels of 2 mg/dL d) Phosphate levels of 17 mg/dL - ANS-b) Calcium levels of 15 mg/dL Text Reference - p. 299 A patient's ECG tracing has a short QT interval and a high peaked T wave. Which prescription should the nurse question? a) D5W with 20 meq KCL to run at 125 mL/hr b) 10 units regular insulin IVP and one-half ampule D50W IVP c) 2 grams calcium gluconate intravenous (IV) administered over two minutes d)Sodium polystyrene sulfonate 30 grams by mouth - ANS-a) D5W with 20 meq KCL to run at 125 mL/hr Text Reference - p. 297 The nurse is preparing to administer intravenous (IV) potassium chloride (KCl) to a patient. Which action should the nurse perform to ensure the patient's safety? a) Give KCl via IV push. b) Add KCl to the hanging IV bag. c) Give IV KCl in concentrated amounts. d) Invert IV bags containing KCl several times. - ANS-d) Invert IV bags containing KCl several times. Text Reference - p. 298 An HIV patient is on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART). Of what side effects of the antiretroviral therapy should the nurse instruct the patient to be aware? a) Lipodystrophy b) Nausea c) Vomiting d) Diarrhea - ANS-a) Lipodystrophy Text Reference - p. 243 The nurse provides education to a patient who has expressed concern about HIV infection. Which statement indicates that the patient understands the teaching? a) "I can't contract HIV unless there's an opportunistic infection present." b) "Using a condom with a spermicide will give 100% protection from HIV." c) "Using a condom with a spermicide will reduce my risk of contracting HIV." d) "Kaposi sarcoma is one of the first opportunistic infections to show up in someone with HIV." - ANS-c) "Using a condom with a spermicide will reduce my risk of contracting HIV." Text Reference - p. 240 The nurse assesses a patient with recently diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus disease who has been admitted to the hospital with a new diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). What assessment finding is most diagnostic of AIDS? a) Sleeping six to eight hours per night b) Feelings of fatigue in the evening c) Steady weight loss over the past several months d) Feelings of profound helplessness and hopelessness - ANS-c) Steady weight loss over the past several months Text Reference - p. 234 A patient with a Staphylococcus aureus infection is prescribed vancomycin once daily for seven days. During a follow-up visit, the nurse suspects that the patient is at risk for developing resistance to the medication. Which statement by the patient supports the nurse's conclusion? a) "I skipped the doses frequently." b) "I took the mediation for nine days." c) "I took the medication along with cold water." d) "I increased the intake of sweet potatoes in my diet." - ANS-a) "I skipped the doses frequently." CONTINUES...